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Enhanced solar cell efficiency: copper zinc tin sulfide absorber thickness and defect density analysis

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Abstract

Copper zinc tin sulfide solar cell (CZTS), Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cells have shown promising conversion efficiency because of their ease of variation in configurations. In this work, the architecture of a ZnO–Al/i–ZnO/n–CdS/CZTS/Mo solar cell was optimized by using Silvaco Atlas simulation software. In this simulation study, the thickness and defect density of the CZTS layer has been varied to achieve the highest efficiency of 26.58%, with Isc = 36.64 A and Voc = 0.909 V at a defect density of 1.8 × 1012 cm−3. Increase in the layer thickness of CZTS improves the photon absorption and cell efficiency. This study has evidenced the impact of defect density on the absorber layer, including photo-generation rate, recombination rate, and solar cell efficiency. By optimizing the device parameters, it has achieved a fill factor of 79.74% under AM 1.5 illumination, demonstrating the potential for low-cost, highly efficient CZTS solar cells.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Human Resources Program in Energy Technology of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea (No.20204010600470). This research was supported by research funds of Jeonbuk National University in 2023. The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for funding under the Research Group funding program Grant No. NU/RG/SERC/12/49.

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  1. K. C. Devendra and Deb Kumar Shah have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lebesby Kommune, Lebesby, Norway

    K. C. Devendra

  2. School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea

    Deb Kumar Shah, M. Shaheer Akhtar & O.-Bong Yang

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India

    Subhash Kumar

  4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, InstituteofEngineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal

    Nawraj Bhattarai

  5. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Mid-West University, Birendranagar, Nepal

    Dipak Raj Adhikari

  6. School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, 44600, Nepal

    Khim B. Khattri

  7. Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea

    M. Shaheer Akhtar & O.-Bong Yang

  8. New and Renewable Energy Materials Development Center (NewREC), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, 56332, Korea

    M. Shaheer Akhtar & O.-Bong Yang

  9. Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Ahmad Umar, Ahmed A. Ibrahim & Mohsen A. M. Alhamami

  10. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Ahmad Umar

  11. Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece

    Sotirios Baskoutas

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Contributions

This work is the collaborative development of all the authors. DKC: original draft, software, conceptualization. DKS: editing-draft, methodology, revision. SK: investigation, formal analysis. NB: data curation, investigation, validation. DRA: data curation, resources. KBK: software. AU: investigation, data curation, editing-draft, writing-review, and editing. AI, MAMA: data curation. MSA, SB: writing-review and editing. OBA: funding acquisition, writing review, supervision, and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to M. Shaheer Akhtar or O.-Bong Yang.

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Devendra, K.C., Shah, D.K., Kumar, S. et al. Enhanced solar cell efficiency: copper zinc tin sulfide absorber thickness and defect density analysis. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1699 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11125-y

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