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Development of non-enzymatic D-glucose and ethanol electroactive electrode based on ZnO–Cu/C multifunctional nanocomposite

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Abstract

Herein, the fast microwave-assisted polyol method was proposed to synthesize a cluster-assembled nanostructure consisting of ZnO decorated with Cu nanoparticles and supported on Vulcan XC-72. Structures with a crystallite size of around 20 nm were determined by X-ray diffraction. Raman measurements indicated that incorporating metal oxides increases the defects in the carbon structure. The designed composite was used as an electrode to study the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and the non-enzymatic glucose oxidation reaction (GOR). Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that ZnO–Cu/C has an electrochemical activity for both reactions, ascribed to the metal oxide–support interactions. For the EOR, the nanocomposite shows a current density of 18.6 mA cm−2 at 1.6 vs. RHE, while for the GOR, the nanomaterial delivers 10.1 mA cm−2 at 1.6 vs. RHE values that surpass the ones reported in the literature. Besides, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the improvement in electrochemical activity was due to the small electron transfer resistance. Thus, a multifunctional composite based on a non-noble metal catalyst is reported for the first time, which delivers acceptable electrochemical activity for the EOR and the GOR. It is essential to highlight that the findings of this study open an avenue not only to the design and fabrication of EOR and GOR electroactive nanocomposites but also this material be used in energy conversion devices, considering that the proposed synthesis is simple and cost-effective.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Polytechnic University of Victoria for the infrastructure and time provided to develop the research. The author also acknowledges A. Martir-Cruz for the electrochemical measurements. We thank Martín Baas for Raman, Enrique Escobedo for XRD, and Tanit Toledano Thompson for SEM characterizations. Also, thanks to A. Martir-Cruz for the electrochemical measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Advanced Materials, Polytechnic University of Victoria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Tamaulipas, 87138, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México

    W. J. Pech-Rodríguez & J. R. Pérez-Pesina

  2. Renewable Energy Unit, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Carretera Sierra Papacal–Chuburná Puerto, km 5, C.P. 97302, Sierra Papacal, Yucatán, México

    L. C. Ordóñez

  3. Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy program, Cinvestav-Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, C.P. 25900, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, México

    F. J. Rodríguez-Varela

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Contributions

Conceptualization, WJP, FJR. and LCO; Methodology and experiments JRP and WJP; writing—original draft, WJP, FJR, and LCO. Supervision, WJP and LCO. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to W. J. Pech-Rodríguez.

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Pech-Rodríguez, W.J., Pérez-Pesina, J.R., Ordóñez, L.C. et al. Development of non-enzymatic D-glucose and ethanol electroactive electrode based on ZnO–Cu/C multifunctional nanocomposite. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1615 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11042-0

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