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Lightweight and flexible nanostructured C/SiCN nanofiber nonwoven for electromagnetic reflection shielding of 5G C-Band frequencies

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Abstract

Considering the tunable electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity of carbon, the electromagnetic shielding performance of C/SiCN nonwovens would be considerably improved compared with its constituents individually. This work aims to investigate the effectiveness of EM reflection shielding in the 5G C-band of C/SiCN nanofiber nonwovens pyrolyzed at different temperatures. Lightweight and flexible C/SiCN nanofiber nonwovens derived from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polysilazane (PSZ) were manufactured through electrospinning and polymer-derived ceramic route. The C/SiCN nonwovens showed a tunable electrical conductivity from 0.0028 to 0.0120 S cm−1 and significantly improved the electromagnetic reflection shielding compared to pure carbon. Particularly, PAN:PSZ nonwoven pyrolyzed at 800 °C exhibited a RL < − 10 dB in the 5G C-band (90% of EM shielding). The absorption coefficient was A(ω) = 0.68 with a reflection shielding effectiveness SER = 10.42 dB. If the bandwidth is defined as the frequency range where S11 < − 10 dB, then the bandwidth of PAN:PSZ pyrolyzed at 800 °C would be approximately 4 GHz. Additionally, the impedance was modulated by adding SiCN to the carbon matrix and evaluated by the voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR = 1.94:1 for PAN:PSZ pyrolyzed at 800 °C with the best impedance matching). This energy dissipation was attributed to the appropriate electrical conductivity, a high degree of carbon disorder, and the presence of a heterogeneous nanostructure forming interfacial polarization. The main advantage presented in this work is the development of a lightweight and flexible nanofiber nonwoven using the precursor approach to produce a conductive carbon matrix with semiconductive SiCN nanodomains, and electrospinning as a low-cost technique to produce a porous material. The C/SiCN nanofiber nonwoven developed here could be employed as a novel lightweight and flexible material for EM interference shielding.

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Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. The authors thank CAPES and Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) for supporting this work within the project PROBRAL (Grant No. 88887.368756/2019-00) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq (Grant No. 442149/2018-2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Heloisa Ramlow & Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado

  2. Polymerization Process and Control Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Heloisa Ramlow & Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado

  3. Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Graciano Bay de Souza & Carlos Renato Rambo

  4. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Graciano Bay de Souza, Mikael Pontes Fonseca, Adroaldo Raizer & Carlos Renato Rambo

  5. Laboratory of Electrical Materials, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Mikael Pontes Fonseca & Adroaldo Raizer

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  1. Heloisa Ramlow
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and design of this study. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by HR, GBS and MPF. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HR and GBS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. The research project was supervised by AR, CRR and RAFM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado.

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Ramlow, H., de Souza, G.B., Fonseca, M.P. et al. Lightweight and flexible nanostructured C/SiCN nanofiber nonwoven for electromagnetic reflection shielding of 5G C-Band frequencies. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1631 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11037-x

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