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Design and synthesis of 4,5-diazafluorene ligands and their ruthenium (II) complexes for photoresponse performance on organic photodiodes

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Abstract

Efforts have been increased to create efficient photodiodes using a variety of interface layers such as organics, insulators, polymers, and metal oxides. Therefore, in this study, novel 4,5-diazafluorene ligands and their ruthenium (II) complexes were designed, synthesized, and elucidated by using 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and mass spectroscopic (LC–MS) methods. The NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and LCMS spectrometer results explained and confirmed the structure of the 4,5-diazafluorene ligands and their ruthenium (II) complexes. The obtained 4,5-diazafluorene ligands and their ruthenium (II) complexes were used as interfacial layer for Schottky type photodiode and characterized by I−V measurements for various light power intensities. Various diode parameters such as rectification ratio, series resistance, and barrier height as well as ideality factor values were extracted and discussed in details. The results revealed that the fabricated Schottky type photodiodes with 4,5-diazafluorene ligands and their ruthenium (II) complex interlayers can be employed and improved for optoelectronic applications.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to state that the data used in this article are derived from Esma Yenel’s and Caner Cebeci’s PhD theses at Yıldız Technical University. We also would like to thank Ph.D. Tayfun Acar for his support in the mass analyzes of Ruthenium complexes.

Funding

This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Ph.D. Scholarship Program in Priority Areas (2211/C) and Council of Higher Education (YOK) Ph.D. Scholarship Program (100/2000) and partially supported by Selçuk University BAP office with 21401060 Project Number.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Electricity and Energy, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey

    Esma Yenel

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Murat Yildirim

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Caner Cebeci & Ibrahim Erden

  4. Department of Electronics and Automation, Vocational High School, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey

    Adem Kocyigit

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey

    Mahmut Kus

Authors
  1. Esma Yenel
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  2. Murat Yildirim
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  3. Caner Cebeci
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  5. Adem Kocyigit
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Contributions

EY was involved in conceptualization, investigation, experiments, methodology, writing the original draft, and corrections. MY was involved in characterization, and reviewing. CC contributed to writing, and editing. IE was involved in reviewing, and editing. AK contributed to experiments, characterization, writing the original draft, and corrections. MK contributed to reagents/materials/analysis tools, and reviewing.

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Correspondence to Murat Yildirim or Ibrahim Erden.

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Yenel, E., Yildirim, M., Cebeci, C. et al. Design and synthesis of 4,5-diazafluorene ligands and their ruthenium (II) complexes for photoresponse performance on organic photodiodes. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1605 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10972-z

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