Abstract
A slow evaporation method has grown the sodium 4-nitrophenolate dehydrate (S4NPD) crystals. FTIR and Raman spectra have analyzed the chemical structure of synthesized S4NPD. The single crystal XRD and Powder XRD studies confirmed S4NPD crystal contains the orthorhombic crystal system. The UV–Vis absorption and transmittance analysis reveal that the grown crystal possesses an optical transmittance in the visible and NIR regions. The cut-off wavelength of the S4NPD is 435 nm, and these features are more appropriate for emerging optical fields. The photoluminescence spectrum shows the peak absorbed at 517 nm, indicating green light emission. The nonlinear optical properties with the enhancing role of the growth crystal’s second and third-harmonic generation efficiencies. The laser threshold damage (LDT) value shows the suitability of crystal coupled with high-power laser output applications. A chemical etching study was carried out to examine the growth pattern of the S4NPD crystal.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
S. Dinagaran, J. Gajendiran, S. Gokul Raj, S. Gnanam, Opt. Laser Technol. 156, 108576 (2022)
M. Buvaneswari, R. Santhakumari, C. Usha, R. Jayasreec, S. Sagadevan, J. Mol. Struct. 1243, 130856 (2021)
P. Karuppasamy, D. Joseph Daniel, H.J. Kim, M. Senthil Pandian, P. Ramasamy, J. Cryst. Growth. 535, 125528 (2020)
S. Devi, D. Jananakumar, Chinese J. Phys. 68, 339–347 (2020)
G. Liu, J. Liu, X. Zheng, Y. Liu, D. Yuan, X. Zhang, Z. Gao, X. Tao, CrystEngComm 17, 2569–2574 (2015)
S. Adhikari, S.K. Seth, T. Kar, CrystEngComm 15, 7372 (2013)
P. Purushothaman, K. Arulaabaranam, P. Palani, N. Durairaj, G. Mani, Ind. J. Phys. 15, 1–17 (2023)
P. Karuppasamy, T. Kamalesh, K. Anitha, M.S. Pandian, P. Ramasamy, S. Verma, J. Mol. Struct. 1210, 128036 (2020)
P. Karuppasamy, T. Kamalesh, K. Anitha, S. Abdul Kalam, M.S. Pandian, P. Ramasamy, S. Verma, S. Venugopal Rao, Opt. Mater. 84, 475–489 (2018)
P. Karuppasamy, M.S. Pandian, P. Ramasamy, S. Verma, Opt. Mater. 79, 152–171 (2018)
J. Dalal, N. Sinha, H. Yadav, B. Kumar, RSC Adv. 5(71), 57735–57748 (2015)
M. Jose, R. Uthrakumar, A. Jeya Rajendran, S. Jerome, Spectrochim. Acta A. 86, 495–499 (2012)
S. Dinakaran, S. Verma, S.J. Das, CrystEngComm 13, 2375 (2011)
M. Dhavamurthy, G. Peramaiyan, R. Mohan, J. Cryst. Growth. 399, 13–18 (2014)
S. Selvakumar, M.S. Boobalan, S. Anthuvan, S. Ramalingam, A. Leo Rajesh, J. Mol. Struct. 1125, 1–11 (2016)
D. Sethupathi, M.S. Pandian, K.K. Maurya, P. Ramasamy, AIP Conf. Proc. 1832, 100003 (2017)
M. Ben Salah, P. Becker, C. Carabatos-Nédelec, Vib. Spectrosc 26(1), 23–32 (2001)
D. Lin-Vien, N.B. Colthup, W.G. Fatley, J.G. Grasselli, The handbook of infrared and Raman characteristic frequencies of organic molecules (Academic Press, New York, 1991)
R.A. Nyquist, R.O. Kagel, Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds (Chemical Physics Research Laboratory, New York, 1971)
S. Selvakumar, A. Leo Rajesh, Optik 127(17), 6982–6990 (2016)
P. Das, T. Jaison Jose, A. Ghosh, P. Lakshmi Praveen, Eur. Phys. J. E 45(12), 98 (2022)
T.J. Jose, A. Simi, M. David Raju, P. Lakshmi Praveen, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 650(1), 46–55 (2017)
R.K. Balachandar, S. Kalainathan, Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 126, 324–328 (2014)
N. Durairaj, S. Kalainathan, R. Kumar, Mechanics, Mech. Mater. Sci. Eng. MMSE 9 (2017).
S. Kalainathan, N. Durairaj, R. Kumar, Int J. Soc. Mater. Eng. Resour. 23(1), 64–67 (2018)
P. Purushothaman, N. Durairaj, G. Mani, S. Kalainathan, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. 32(7), 8366–8374 (2021)
M. Jose, G. Bhagavannarayana, K. Sugandhi, S. Jerome Das, Mater. Lett. 64(12), 1369–1371 (2010)
S.K. Kurtz, T.T. Perry, J. Appl. Phys. 39(8), 3798–3813 (1968)
G. Lanzani (ed.), Photophysics of molecular materials: from single molecules to single crystals (Wiley, 2006)
T. Kamalesh, P. Karuppasamy, M.S. Pandian, P. Ramasamy, S. Verma, J. Mat. Sci. Mat. 32, 6141–6157 (2021)
M. Thiyagarajan, G. Vinitha, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 33, 20911–20928 (2022)
N. Durairaj, S. Kalainathan, R. Kumar, Optik 140, 900–907 (2017)
S. Jeeva, S. Muthu, S. Tamilselvan, M. Lydia Caroline, P. Purushothaman, S. Sevvanthi, G. Vinitha, G. Mani, Chin. J. Phys. 56, 1449–1466 (2018)
E. Raju, P. Jayaprakash, P. Purushothaman, G. Vinitha, N. Saradha Devi, S. Kumaresan, Chem. Phys. Lett. 780, 138941 (2021)
S.P. Ramteke, M.I. Baig, M. Shkir, S. Kalainathan, M.D. Shirsat, G.G. Muley, M. Anis, Opt. Laser Technol. 104, 83–89 (2018)
P. Purushothaman, R. Gopathy, E. Raju, N. Durairaj, S. Kandhan, G. Mani, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. 32(17), 22342–22361 (2021)
N. Vijayan, G. Bhagavannarayana, K.R. Ramesh, R. Gopalakrisnan, K.K. Maurya, P. Ramasamy, Cryst. Growth Des. 6, 1542–1546 (2006)
S. Kandhan, P. Krishnan, R. Jagan, S. Aravindhan, S. Srinivasan, S. Gunasekaran, Opt. Mater. 84, 556–563 (2018)
N. Durairaj, S. Kalainathan, M.V. Krishnaiah, Mater. Chem. Phys. 181, 529–537 (2016)
S. Chinnasami, R. Paulraj, P. Ramasamy, J. Mol. Struct. 1238, 130448 (2021)
P. Karuppasamy, S.P. Muthu, R. Perumalsamy, J. Cryst. Growth. 473, 39–54 (2017)
A. Rathika, M.A.L. Grace, R. Subramaniyan, R. Suja, Mater. Today: Proc. 47, 4741–4745 (2021)
P. Nagapandiselvi, C. Baby, R. Gopalakrishnan, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. 147, 270–279 (2015)
M. Prakash, M. Lydia Caroline, D. Geetha, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. 108, 32–37 (2013)
P. Suresh, S. Janarthanan, R. SugarajSamuel, A. JestinLenus, C. Shanth, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. 135, 732–735 (2015)
V. Sivasubramani, M. Anis, S.S. Hussaini, G.G. Muley, M.S. Pandian, P. Ramasamy, Mater. Res. Innov. 21(7), 426–433 (2017)
N. Sowmya, N. Swarna, S. Sampathkrishnan, Y. Vidyalakshmi, S. Sudhahar, and R. Mohan Kumar 145, 333–339 (2015)
M. DivyaBharathi, G. Ahila, J. Mohana, G. Chakkaravarthi, G. Anbalagan, Mater. Chem. Phys. 192, 215–227 (2017)
J. Mohana, G. Ahila, M. DivyaBharathi, G. Anbalagan, J. Cryst. Growth. 450, 181–189 (2016)
D. Wang, T. Li, S. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Wang, X. Xu, F. Zhang, RSC Adv. 6, 14490–14495 (2016)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge SAIF-IIT Madras, for providing a Single-crystal XRD facility. The authors also thank Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University for providing UV, PL, Raman and VIT Chennai for Third harmonic generation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
KV: Investigation, Writing—original draft; PP: Formal analysis, Methodology & Visualization; M. Thiyagarajan: Visualization & Formal analysis; SK: Drafting, Writing & Editing; SV: Formal analysis, Methodology & Visualization; HS: Writing—review & editing; G. Vinitha: Visualization, Writing & Editing; P. Purushothaman: Validation, Visualization; Writing, Review & Editing;
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interest
The author(s) declare(s) that there is no competing of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Vijayakumar, K., Palani, P., Thiyagarajan, M. et al. Enhancing the optical properties of sodium 4-nitrophenolate dehydrate single crystals: role of second and third harmonic generation efficiencies. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1473 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10876-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10876-y