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Synthesis, crystal growth, and physicochemical characterization of 4-aminopyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol (4AP4NP) single crystals for NLO applications

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Abstract

The organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of 4-aminopyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol (4AP4NP) single crystal was grown by the solution method at room temperature. The unit cell parameters of the grown 4AP4NP single crystal were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) measurement. The various (hkl) planes of the grown crystal and their average lattice strain were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The crystalline perfection of the 4AP4NP single crystal was analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) measurement. The optical quality of 4AP4NP single crystal and its cut-off energy were analyzed by UV–Vis–NIR. The photoluminescence (PL) study reveals that the grown crystal has high-intense green emission at 500 nm. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was analyzed by TG/DTA. The mechanical stability was analyzed by Vickers microhardness measurement. The dislocation density of 4AP4NP crystal has been investigated by etching studies. Laser-induced damage threshold (LDT) of the 4AP4NP crystal was analyzed by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser of wavelength 532 nm. The optical homogeneity of 4AP4NP was determined by the birefringence interferometry technique. The dielectric measurement has been carried on the grown crystal. The electronic polarizability (α*) of the grown crystal was determined by various theoretical calculations. The second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-order nonlinear optical properties of the grown 4AP4NP crystal were analyzed by Kurtz–Perry powder and Z-scan technique, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the BRNS project (Ref. 34/14/06/2016-BRNS/34032), Government of India. One of the authors, T. Kamalesh, is thankful to SSN Trust, Chennai, for providing the junior research fellowship. The authors are thankful to SSN Trust for establishing laser facilities in SSN Research Centre.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603110, India

    T. Kamalesh, P. Karuppasamy, Muthu Senthil Pandian & P. Ramasamy

  2. Laser Materials Development Devices and Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452013, India

    Sunil Verma

  3. Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India

    Sunil Verma

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  1. T. Kamalesh
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Correspondence to T. Kamalesh.

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Kamalesh, T., Karuppasamy, P., Senthil Pandian, M. et al. Synthesis, crystal growth, and physicochemical characterization of 4-aminopyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol (4AP4NP) single crystals for NLO applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 6141–6157 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05332-8

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