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The influence of ethylene glycol-based solvents on the morphological and supercapacitive properties of hydrothermalized δ-Bi2O3 with additional Bi2O2CO3

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Abstract

A Bi2O3 is a promising material for a supercapacitor negative electrode. A typical surfactant for synthesizing Bi2O3 via a hydrothermal method is ethylene glycol (EG); however, polyethylene glycol (PEG) has not been employed. In this study, three different glycol-based surfactants including EG, PEG400, and PEG600 were compared based on their effects on the phase, morphology, and supercapacitive properties of hydrothermal Bi2O3 (160 °C, 3 h). Along with δ-Bi2O3, Bi2O2CO3 also formed. The as-synthesized δ-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 (BiEG, BiPEG400, and BiPEG600) had different morphological features but these structures were altered after grinding. Increasing the molecular weight of the surfactant reduced the carbonate phase, providing better connectivity between the electrode material and the current collector as well as lowering a charge transfer resistance. As a result, the BiPEG600 electrode exhibited the best electrochemical properties in terms of capacitance and retention. This also highlighted the importance of charge transfer and morphology, which overshadowed the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Specifically, the BiPEG600 capacitance was 969 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and was retained at 46% after 2000 cycles at 50 A g−1. Promising specific capacitances  obtained at high discharge rates of 50 and 60 A g−1 were 436 and 381 F g−1, respectively.

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Data availability

The data consisted of manuscripts and supplementary information. Moreover, Data available by sending on e-mail to K. Moolsarn (klitsada_moolsarn@kkumail.com) and A. Tangtrakarn* corresponding author (nateta@kkumail.ac.th) ORCID: 0000-0002-8351-5215.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Research and Graduate Studies, Khon Kaen University, Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST), Support by the Research and Graduate Studies, Khon Kaen University, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (TheP), P.O.Box 70, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand.

Funding

Funding was provided by Research and Graduate Studies, Khon Kaen University, Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST) (1). Support by the Research and Graduate Studies, Khon Kaen University (2). Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (TheP), P.O.Box 70, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand (3).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Klitsada Moolsarn & Kornrawit Duangsa

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Authit Phakkhawan, Adulphan Pimsawat, Pawinee Klangtakai & Apishok Tangtrakarn

  3. Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Pawinee Klangtakai & Apishok Tangtrakarn

  4. Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (TheP), Chiang Mai University, P.O.Box 70, Chiang Mai, 50202, Thailand

    Pawinee Klangtakai, Samuk Pimanpang & Apishok Tangtrakarn

  5. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Katerina E. Aifantis

  6. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand

    Samuk Pimanpang

  7. Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

    Chunmanus Phoomalee

Authors
  1. Klitsada Moolsarn
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  2. Katerina E. Aifantis
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  3. Authit Phakkhawan
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  9. Apishok Tangtrakarn
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Contributions

KM: designed the experiments, carried out the experiments, analyzed the results, as well as prepared the manuscript. AT: directed this research, discussed the results and wrote the manuscript. KEA: discussed the results and wrote the manuscript. AP partially provided guidance for electrode preparation. KD: partially discussed certain results. AP: provide support for the setup of electrochemical equipment. PK checked the validity of the discussion. SP: checked the validity of the discussion. CP: assisted with Raman and quantitative FTIR analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Apishok Tangtrakarn.

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Moolsarn, K., Aifantis, K.E., Phakkhawan, A. et al. The influence of ethylene glycol-based solvents on the morphological and supercapacitive properties of hydrothermalized δ-Bi2O3 with additional Bi2O2CO3. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1324 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10671-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10671-9

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