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A PMMA-assisted transfer method of waste cooking palm oil based multi-layered graphene from a nickel substrate onto a glass substrate for the development of a humidity sensor

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Abstract

In this research, graphene was synthesized from an abundance of waste cooking palm oil (WCPO) and utilized as a humidity sensing film. Using WCPO as a precursor and the double thermal chemical vapour deposition method, graphene was successfully deposited on a nickel substrate. The growth of graphene film, resulting in the highest of I2D/IG (0.41) and lowest of ID/IG (0.02) since, the carbon atoms segregate and form multilayers graphene with high crystalline and low defective structure. Subsequently, multilayer of graphene on nickel was transferred onto glass substrate by poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer for humidity sensor application. The response-recovery time, sensitivity, and repeatability of humidity sensor were determined using humidity chamber under exposure of 40 to 90% RH. The response times for the adsorption and desorption processes are 597 and 503 s, respectively. This is attributed by the high sheet resistant of multilayer graphene (MLG). Meanwhile, the sensitivity at 40% to 90% RH, is 365%. MLG-based humidity sensor remains constant and similar at fifth cycles, indicating that the sensor has an excellent repeatability and has potential as a sensing material based on low cost and renewable energy.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the NANO-SciTech Centre, Integrated Sensors Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Science and Institute of Research Management & Innovation (IRMI), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia for the technical and financial support, respectively.

Funding

This work was supported by Grant No. PRGS/1/2022/TK04/UITM/02/3 under Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Sensors Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. Robaiah & W. F. H. Abdullah

  2. NANO-SciTech Centre, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. Robaiah, N. A. Asli, Z. Khusaimi, S. Abdullah & M. Rusop

  3. Micro-Nano Electromechanical System Lab (MINEMS Lab), School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Rozina Abdul Rani

  4. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    N. A. Asli, Z. Khusaimi & S. Abdullah

  5. NANO-ElecTronic Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. Rusop

  6. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 26400, Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

    H. Azhan

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  1. M. Robaiah
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Contributions

RM: performed the experiments and analysed the data, wrote the manuscript. AA, MR, SA: help analysed the data, contributed to the final version of the manuscript, supervised the project, and in charge of overall direction and planning. WFHA and AH: helped supervise the project. ZK: contributed to sample preparation. RAR: contributed to the design and implementation of the experiment and the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to N. A. Asli or M. Rusop.

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Robaiah, M., Asli, N.A., Abdul Rani, R. et al. A PMMA-assisted transfer method of waste cooking palm oil based multi-layered graphene from a nickel substrate onto a glass substrate for the development of a humidity sensor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1287 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10591-8

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