Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flexible piezoresistive sensors based on porous PDMS/CB composite materials prepared by the solvothermal method

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Flexible piezoresistive sensors (FPS) have drawn great attention in electronic skin, wearable electronics and real-time health monitoring. In this work, the porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-carbon black (CB) (abbreviated as PDMS/CB) composite materials were prepared by a solvothermal method using spherulite NaCl(s) templates as pore-forming agents. The porosity of porous PDMS/CB composite materials was tuned by changing the NaCl(s) from 0 wt% to 20 wt%. FPS based on porous PDMS/CB was designed and prepared. The electrical and mechanical properties of porous PDMS/CB composite materials as well as performance of FPS were studied. With 18 wt% NaCl, PDMS/CB sensor exhibits a large sensitivity of 0.52 kPa−1 in the pressure ranges of 0.026–100 kPa, a high gauge factor of 346.1, a fast response of 46 ms, a low detection limit of 26 Pa as well as superior cyclic stability over 7500 cycles. In addition, PDMS/CB sensor was used for human motion monitoring to verify its sensing functionality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data will be made available on reasonble request.

References

  1. J.W. Jeong, W.H. Yeo, A. Akhtar, J.J.S. Norton, Y.J. Kwack, S. Li, S.Y. Jung, Y. Su, W. Lee, J. Xia, H. Cheng, Y. Huang, W.S. Choi, T. Bretl, J.A. Rogers, Adv. Mater. 25, 6839 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. P. Won, J.J. Park, T. Lee, I. Ha, S. Han, M. Choi, J. Lee, S. Hong, K.J. Cho, S.H. Ko, Nano Lett. 19, 6087 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. X. Chen, F. Luo, M. Yuan, D. Xie, L. Shen, K. Zheng, Z. Wang, X. Li, L.Q. Tao, Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Z. Sun, S. Yang, P. Zhao, J. Zhang, Y. Yang, X. Ye, X. Zhao, N. Cui, Y. Tong, Y. Liu, X. Chen, Q. Tang, A.C.S. Appl, Mater. Interfaces 12, 13287 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Chen, G. Gao, J. Zhao, H. Zhang, J. Yu, X. Yang, Q. Zhang, W. Zhang, S. Xu, J. Sun, Y. Meng, Q. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. Niu, H. Li, S. Gao, Y. Li, X. Wei, Y. Chen, W. Yue, W. Zhou, G. Shen, Adv. Mater. 2202622, 1 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  7. C. Yan, J. Wang, W. Kang, M. Cui, X. Wang, C.Y. Foo, K.J. Chee, P.S. Lee, Adv. Mater. 26, 2022 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Miyamoto, S. Lee, N.F. Cooray, S. Lee, M. Mori, N. Matsuhisa, H. Jin, L. Yoda, T. Yokota, A. Itoh, M. Sekino, H. Kawasaki, T. Ebihara, M. Amagai, T. Someya, Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 907 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Gong, W. Schwalb, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Tang, J. Si, B. Shirinzadeh, W. Cheng, Nat. Commun. 5, 1 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Jiang, H. Bukhari, Z. Zhang, W. Han, E. Xie, Carbon N. Y. 155, 71 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Wang, L. Gong, Z. Shang, L. Ding, G. Yin, W. Jiang, X. Gong, S. Xuan, Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Wang, T. Liu, X.C. Sun, P. Li, Y.S. Xu, J.G. Hua, Y.H. Yu, S.X. Li, Y.Z. Dai, X.Y. Song, C. Lv, H. Xia, Sens. Actuators A 280, 319 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Chen, X. Chen, Z. Zhang, T. Li, T. Zhao, X. Li, J. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 1022–1027 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  14. B.A. Kuzubasoglu, E. Sayar, C. Cochrane, V. Koncar, S.K. Bahadir, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 32, 4784 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A.M. Khalaf, H.H. Issa, S.A.L.I. Mohamed, IEEE Access 10, 61094 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. D. Lei, Q. Zhang, N. Liu, T. Su, L. Wang, Z. Ren, Z. Zhang, J. Su, Y. Gao, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 1 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Ping, J.E. Blum, R. Vishnubhotla, A. Vrudhula, C.H. Naylor, Z. Gao, J.G. Saven, A.T.C. Johnson, Small 13, 1700564 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Araki, J. Kim, S. Zhang, A. Banks, K.E. Crawford, X. Sheng, P. Gutruf, Y. Shi, R.M. Pielak, J.A. Rogers, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1604465 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. K.H. Ha, W. Zhang, H. Jang, S. Kang, L. Wang, P. Tan, H. Hwang, N. Lu, Adv. Mater. 33, 1 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  20. C. Lü, S. Wu, Y. Zhang, and Y. Du, ICCM Int. Conf. Compos. Mater. 2017-Augus, (2017)

  21. Choudhry, H.R. Khalid, H.K. Lee, ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2, 3346 (2020)

  22. M.O.F. Emon, J.W. Choi, Sensors (Switzerland) 17, 656 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Zhu, S. Jiang, Y. Xiao, J. Yu, L. Sun, W. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 19830 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Zhong, X. Tan, T. Shi, Y. Huang, S. Cheng, C. Chen, G. Liao, Z. Tang, Sens. Actuators A 281, 141 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. X. Yang, S. Chen, Y. Shi, Z. Fu, B. Zhou, Sens. Actuators A 324, 112629 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Elsayes, V. Sharma, K. Yiannacou, A. Koivikko, A. Rasheed, V. Sariola, Adv. Sustain. Syst. 4, 2000056 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Y. Feng, Y. Zheng, G. Zhang, D. Wang, F. Zhou, W. Liu, Nano Energy 38, 467 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Yu, L. Chen, X. Hou, J. Mu, J. He, W. Geng, X. Qiao, X. Chou, J. Mater. 8, 247 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  29. L. Gao, C. Zhu, L. Li, C. Zhang, J. Liu, H.D. Yu, W. Huang, A.C.S. Appl, Mater. Interfaces 11, 25034 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Du, X. Ma, L. Zhao, W. An, S. Yu, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 33, 11487 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Hu, J. Yu, Y. Li, X. Liao, X. Yan, L. Li, Nanomaterials 10, 664 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. C. Liu, Q. Tan, Y. Deng, P. Ye, L. Kong, X. Ma, L. Xu, Y. Xu, Q. Qiang, W. Chen, Y. Zhong, Y.A. Nikolaevich, Z. Zhao, W. Zhou, B. Liu, Compos. Commun. 32, 101178 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. S.X. Li, H. Xia, Y.S. Xu, C. Lv, G. Wang, Y.Z. Dai, H.B. Sun, Nanoscale 11, 4925 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S.M. Doshi, E.T. Thostenson, ACS Sensors 3, 1276 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Q. Li, S. Luo, Q.M. Wang, Sens. Actuators A. 295, 336 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. L. Dan, S. Shi, H.J. Chung, A. Elias, A.C.S. Appl, Nano Mater. 2, 4869 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. H.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J.W. Zhang, X. Ye, Y.Y. Li, P. Wang, Polym. Compos. 42, 2523 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. E. Su, F. Wu, S. Zhao, Y. Li, C. Deng, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 15849 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H. Sadiq, H. Hui, S. Huang, K. Mahmood, M.H. Sharif, I. Ali, IEEE Sens. J. 22, 3033 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. G. Ke, M.H. Chowdhury, X. Jin, W. Li, Polym. Polym. Compos. 29, S914 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Stassi, V. Cauda, G. Canavese, C.F. Pirri, Sensors (Switzerland) 14, 5296 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. M. Kalantari, J. Dargahi, J. Kövecses, M.G. Mardasi, S. Nouri, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 17, 572 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. D.J. Yao, Z. Tang, L. Zhang, Z.G. Liu, Q.J. Sun, S.C. Hu, Q.X. Liu, X.G. Tang, J. Ouyang, J. Mater. Chem. C 9, 12642 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61904040).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China

    Chao Xu, Zhen Liu, Ningqi Luo & Aixiang Wei

  2. School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China

    Haodong Lu, Zhen Liu & Aixiang Wei

Authors
  1. Chao Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haodong Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhen Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ningqi Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Aixiang Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

CX: experiment design and conduction, data analysis, manuscript preparation. HL: data analysis and manuscript drafting. ZL, NL, and AW: experiment design, data analysis, manuscript preparation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhen Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts to declare.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xu, C., Lu, H., Liu, Z. et al. Flexible piezoresistive sensors based on porous PDMS/CB composite materials prepared by the solvothermal method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 906 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10322-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10322-z

Search

Navigation