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Effect of incorporation of alkali earth metal oxide on structural, optical and DC conduction mechanism in tellurium-phosphate glassy systems

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Abstract

The influence of alkali earth metal oxide on the structural, optical and electrical properties of inorganic glasses having chemical composition xCaO–(0.35-x) BaO–0.40TeO2–0.25P2O5 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.35) were studied and prepared by melt-quenching method. With an increase in CaO concentration (x), it was found that physical characteristics like density (4.5 to 3.9 g cm–3) and oxygen packing density (57.2 to 59.8 mol-litre–1) decreased and increased, respectively. The Rietveld refinement process was used to analyse the x = 0.0 and x = 0.25 samples, revealing peaks were primarily due to the hexagonal Ba2P2O7 and tetragonal TeO2 phases, respectively. The Te–O bond of the TeO4 tetrahedral unit, Te–O–Te linkage, and PO32– groups inside the glass matrix were among the several bond configurations that were identified using Raman spectroscopy. The value of the optical bandgap energy reduced with the inclusion of CaO up to sample x = 0.15, after which it was found to increase and Urbach energy, on the other hand, followed the opposite trend. The absorbance and reflectance spectra were studied and different optical parameters like absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, reflectivity, refraction index, polarizability, etc., were studied and discussed. The determined values of third-order optical susceptibility and non-linear refractive index suggested potential optoelectronic applications because it was observed that they increased up to x = 0.15 sample before reducing once more. The DC conductivity value ranged from 5.85 to − 3.85 Ω–1 cm–1 in the log scale, and it was noticed that DC conductivity increased up to x = 0.15 before decrementing once more. The process of DC conductivity was described by Mott and Greaves’s variable range hopping model, and it was observed that DC conductivity increased as hopping distance and hopping energy values decreased. The highest conductivity was found in the sample with x = 0.15, while ternary composites exhibited conductivities that were lower than those of all other quaternary samples.

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The data from glass samples have been taken using different experimental instruments and graphs are plotted using Origin 2017.

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Acknowledgements

The Authors are highly indebted to Jadavpur University, Kolkata for supporting this technical work

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Regent Education and Research Foundation, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700121, India

    Arpan Mandal & Debtanu Patra

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Arpan Mandal & Nipu Modak

  3. Department of Science, Chowhatta High School, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731201, India

    Rittwick Mondal

  4. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Swami Vivekananda Institute of Science and Technology, Kolkata, 700145, India

    Anindya Sundar Das

  5. Department of Physics, Hijli College, Kharagpur, 721306, India

    Soumyajyoti Kabi

  6. Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Regent Education and Research Foundation, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700121, India

    Chiranjib Chakrabarti

  7. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Regent Education and Research Foundation, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700121, India

    Dipankar Biswas

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All authors listed have made a significant contribution to the research reported and have read and approved the submitted manuscript, and all those who made substantive contributions to this work have been included in the author list. [DB, SK: Conceptualization, AM, DP, DBs, CC, ASD, RM: Formal analysis and investigation, DB, RM: Writing-original draft preparation, DB, NM: Supervision.

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Mandal, A., Modak, N., Patra, D. et al. Effect of incorporation of alkali earth metal oxide on structural, optical and DC conduction mechanism in tellurium-phosphate glassy systems. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 528 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-09958-8

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