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Design of a single split-ring resonator-based microwave metamaterial for detection of the composition of vegetable oil and gasoline mixtures

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Abstract

This study aims to design and analyze a single split-ring resonator (SRR)-based microwave metamaterial able to detect the composition of vegetable oil and gasoline mixtures. The vegetable oil and gasoline mixture samples are attached to a single SRR-based microwave metamaterial. In this experiment, the single SRR microwave metamaterial is fabricated by scribing silver ink onto paper. The samples comprise 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% vegetable oil and gasoline mixtures. The single SRR microwave metamaterial is able to detect the volume composition of the vegetable oil and gasoline mixtures by shifting resonance frequency between metamaterial samples with and without the mixtures of vegetable oil and gasoline. The Δf of metamaterials treated with 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% mixtures of vegetable oil–gasoline samples obtained experimentally are 0.13 ± 0.054 GHz, 0.18 ± 0.056 GHz, 0.19 ± 0.098 GHz, and 0.25 ± 0.054 GHz, respectively. The permittivity and refractive indexes of the single SRR microwave metamaterial are significantly altered for vegetable oil and gasoline samples of varied compositions. Polarization in the SRR gap is the critical feature used to describe this study's detection ability.

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Funding

The authors are grateful to the Direktorat Sumber Daya, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi (No. 081/E4.1/AK.04.PT/2021), World Class Research Program, for fully supporting this research. OS acknowledges this study as fulfilling final project course (MS4254).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Ogi Sopian and Hadi Teguh Yudistira have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia

    Ogi Sopian, Hadi Teguh Yudistira, Fitrah Qalbina & Rico Aditia Prahmana

  2. Research and Innovation Center for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia

    Hadi Teguh Yudistira

  3. Research and Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia

    Hadi Teguh Yudistira

  4. Research Group of Advanced Functional Materials, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

    Adhitya Gandaryus Saputro

  5. Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

    Adhitya Gandaryus Saputro

  6. Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia

    Amir Faisal

Authors
  1. Ogi Sopian
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  2. Hadi Teguh Yudistira
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  3. Fitrah Qalbina
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  4. Rico Aditia Prahmana
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  5. Adhitya Gandaryus Saputro
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  6. Amir Faisal
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Contributions

Mr. Sopian contributed to writing the manuscript, sample fabricating and measuring. Dr. Yudistira participated in the mathematical analysis, wrote the manuscript, and managed a research project. Ms Qalbina, Mr. Prahmana, Dr. Faisal and Dr. Saputro contributed to revising the manuscript and preparing samples.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hadi Teguh Yudistira.

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Sopian, O., Yudistira, H.T., Qalbina, F. et al. Design of a single split-ring resonator-based microwave metamaterial for detection of the composition of vegetable oil and gasoline mixtures. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 8151–8158 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-07964-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-07964-w

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