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Compact triple decagon split ring resonator metamaterial for liquid sensing applications

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Abstract

This paper presents a metamaterial structure, known as a triple decagon split-ring resonator, which operates in the Ku-band frequency. The proposed structure has two different ground planes, a full ground plane and a structured ground plane. The aim of having these two ground planes is to determine which one gives a better S21 performance. A simulation was conducted to compare the S21 performance of the two structures. The results show that the metamaterial structure with the structured ground plane has better S21 performance compared to the metamaterial structure with the full ground plane. The structure with the structured ground plane has two resonance frequencies, 13.6 and 16.9 GHz, with S21 magnitudes of -38.4 dB and − 42.8 dB, respectively. The metamaterial structures were fabricated and measured using a vector network analyzer. The metamaterial structure with the structured ground plane was chosen to be used for liquid sensing, and oil was used in this study. Different types of oils – butter oil, castor oil, coconut oil, gasoline, kerosene, olive oil, palm seed oil, and sesame oil – were used. The resonance frequency shift of the metamaterial structure recorded a significant shift when the proposed metamaterial structure was measured experimentally and numerically. The average sensitivity of the metamaterial structure is 0.62, the Q-factor is 113.13, and the figure of merit (FOM) is 70.25.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia, research grant code: FRGS/1/2021/TK0/UKM/01/6 and The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, funded this project, under grant no. KEP-Msc-41-135-43.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia

    Nur Fatin Mohamad Razali & Mohammad Tariqul Islam

  2. Space Science Center (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia

    Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar & Ahasanul Hoque

  3. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80204, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Hatem Rmili

  4. Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed S. Soliman

  5. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt

    Mohamed S. Soliman

  6. Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, AL-Baha University, ALaqiq, Al Baha, 65799, Saudi Arabia

    Saeed Alamri

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  1. Nur Fatin Mohamad Razali
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  2. Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar
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  3. Ahasanul Hoque
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Contributions

Conceptualization, N.F.M.R and A.H.; methodology, N.F.M.R and A.H.; software, A.H.; validation, A.H., N.M.S. and M.T.I.; formal analysis, N.F.M.R. and A.H.; resources, M.T.I.; data curation, N.F.M.R.; writing—original draft preparation, N.F.M.R.; writing—review and editing, A.H.; visualization, N.M.S.; supervision, A.H. and N.M.S.; funding acquisition, M.T.I, H.R., M.S.S and S.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar.

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Razali, N.F.M., Sahar, N.M., Hoque, A. et al. Compact triple decagon split ring resonator metamaterial for liquid sensing applications. Opt Quant Electron 56, 874 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06811-y

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