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Physicochemical investigations of structurally enriched Sm3+ substituted SnO2 nanocrystals

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Abstract

The present study portrays structural, magnetic, electrical, optical and electronic characteristics of polycrystalline pristine and aliovalent Sm3+ modified Tin oxide (SnO2) nanocrystals [Sn(1−x)SmxO2 nanocrystals, where x = 0, x = 0.05, and x = 0.10] were synthesized using conventional sol–gel route. X-ray diffractogram showed rutile-type tetragonal crystallinity [space group P42/mnm] for all the samples. Microstructural investigations depicted well-interlinked grains and it was observed that average grain size increases with Sm3+ substitution in the crystal framework of SnO2. HRTEM images also confirmed the tetragonal rutile symmetry for all the compositions. FTIR spectra validated the phase pure synthesis and formation of Sm3+ substituted SnO2 nanocrystals as bend at 470 cm−1 attributed to the Sn/Sm–O vibrations. Magnetic measurements depicted that Sm3+ modified compositions showed room temperature magnetism with low coercivity and retentivity, while pristine SnO2 nanocrystals illustrated diamagnetism at higher magnetic field and defect-assisted ferromagnetism at low fields. The maximum value of dielectric constant (ε′) was observed for pure SnO2, and dielectric constant (ε′) decreases with increasing Sm3+ concentration. I-V curves showed non-linear behavior for all the samples and the maximum resistance was found for pure SnO2 nanocrystals. The incorporation of aliovalent rare-earth Sm3+ ion in SnO2 crystal matrix induces ferromagnetism in the system, which makes it dilute magnetic semiconductor for magneto-or spin electronics.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Chitkara University, Punjab for support and institutional facilities. A special thanks to Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, for characterization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India

    Aashish Kumar, Mansi Chitkara & Gulshan Dhillon

  2. Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Naveen Kumar

  3. Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjabi, 140413, India

    Naveen Kumar

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  1. Aashish Kumar
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Formal analysis and conceptualization: GD. Methodology: MC. Data analysis and investigation: NK. Writing (original draft): AK

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Correspondence to Gulshan Dhillon.

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Kumar, A., Kumar, N., Chitkara, M. et al. Physicochemical investigations of structurally enriched Sm3+ substituted SnO2 nanocrystals. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 5283–5296 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-07716-w

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