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Investigation of structural and electrochemical properties of Na2Mn2(SO4)3 cathode for sodium-ion batteries

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Abstract

Electrode materials with the benefits of high working voltage, low cost, and environmental benign are needed for the realization of sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). In this work, Na2Mn2(SO4)3 with alluaudite framework is synthesized via a low-temperature solid-state reaction route and investigated as the cathode material. The crystal structure investigations are carried out using x-ray diffraction and the results suggest the successful formation of the alluaudite phase. The Na2Mn2(SO4)3 material is prepared with cubical shape particles with large pores as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. Microstructural studies of Na2Mn2(SO4)3 are investigated using transmission electron microscopy which reveal crystalline structure at high resolution. The successful formation of Na2Mn2(SO4)3 and chemical bonding of Na, Mn, S, and O are investigated using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Na2Mn2(SO4)3 cathode exhibits a discharge capacity of 64 mAh g−1 during 1st cycle which increases in subsequent cycles due to the activation process and stabilizes in 5th cycle with a value of 68 mAh g−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a relatively better value of diffusion coefficient of 3.81 × 10–13 cm2 s−1 after cycling compared to 2.12 × 10–14 cm2 s−1 of pristine. Na2Mn2(SO4)3 has shown promising electrochemical results toward possible cathode materials for NIBs.

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Acknowledgement

Bushra Nawaz wants to acknowledge Composite Materials and Smart Structures Laboratory, UET Taxila for providing facilities in this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan

    Bushra Nawaz

  2. Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan

    Bushra Nawaz

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan

    Muhammad Obaid Ullah

Authors
  1. Bushra Nawaz
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  2. Muhammad Obaid Ullah
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Contributions

BN conceived and proposed the present idea of this research work. BN and MOU synthesized the material and performed experiments. Both the authors contributed to writing this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bushra Nawaz.

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Nawaz, B., Ullah, M.O. Investigation of structural and electrochemical properties of Na2Mn2(SO4)3 cathode for sodium-ion batteries. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 14509–14518 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06008-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06008-z

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