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A study of fabrication and characterization of NaxMnO2 as a cathode material for sodium-ion battery

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Abstract

The necessity for electrochemical energy storage technologies is promptly boosted due to the spread of renewable energy sources and the promising market for net-scale battery applications. Sodium-ion batteries are a novel battery class due to Na materials’ abundance and low cost compared to lithium. In the present study, NaxMnO2 is being prepared by solid-state method and materials were characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–VIS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Rietveld refinement performed on the respective XRD pattern led on a hexagonal structure with space group P63/mmc. Raman Spectroscopy observes to obtain information about the structural fingerprint of the prepared powders by identifying the vibrational mode of different calcination temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was carried out to investigate the Mn valence of NaxMnO2. The Surface morphology was characterized by SEM and electrochemical charge–discharge cycling, which also performed from 2.0 to 4.2 V versus Na+/Na for C/10 where initial discharge capacity 102 mAh/g and 90.2% capacity retention after 20 cycles.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially performed using facilities of the Air Force Research Laboratory (APRL).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA

    Zia Uddin Mahmud & Kartik C. Ghosh

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA

    Subrata Karmakar & Ariful Haque

Authors
  1. Zia Uddin Mahmud
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  2. Subrata Karmakar
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  3. Ariful Haque
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  4. Kartik C. Ghosh
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Contributions

Conceptional and writing—original draft preparation: ZM; writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript: ZM, KG, AH, and SK; data analysis—ZM; XPS investigation: AH and SK. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zia Uddin Mahmud.

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Supplementary file1 (DOCX 45 kb). Rietveld refinement result and XPS survey scan.

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Mahmud, Z.U., Karmakar, S., Haque, A. et al. A study of fabrication and characterization of NaxMnO2 as a cathode material for sodium-ion battery. MRS Advances 8, 828–834 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-023-00611-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-023-00611-4

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