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Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and the influence of Bi+3 doping over nanocomposite thin films

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Abstract

In this study, we report ZnO and Bismuth-doped ZnO (rBi/Zn) (r = 3, 6, 9 wt%) nanoparticles through the hydrothermal synthesis method. Different characterization techniques such as XRD, TGA, FTIR, XPS, FESEM, EDX analysis, UV spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy have been used to investigate the influence of Bi+3 doping over the synthesized rBi/Zn nanoparticles. XRD result reveals a reduction of average particle size from 30 to 21 nm with the increment of Bi+3 (3 → 9 wt%) concentration. The mass variation in rBi/Zn was found more than the pure ZnO sample which reveals in TGA results. The material rBi/Zn exhibits a single-stage to multi-stage decomposition with the enhancement of Bi+3 (3 → 9 wt%) concentration while the XPS result indicates that the reduction of binding energy with increasing Bi+3 doping. UV analysis shows that as the concentration of Bi+3 increases the band gap of the material rBi/Zn reduces from 3.217 to 2.901 eV. However, the conductivity analysis shows the enhancement in the conductivity of rBi/Zn (0 → 6 wt%) but decreases from 6 → 9 wt%. Furthermore, the morphology of rBi/Zn also changes as the doping of Bi+3 increases which is possibly due to the enhancement of lattice mismatch, and pH variation. Such a kind of rBi/Zn nanocomposite material could be used in optoelectronic devices or fiber optics-based gas-sensing applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are gratefully acknowledged to the Director CSIR-CGCRI, the colleagues of the Fiber Optics & Photonics Division, and Material Characterization and Instrumentation Division for providing an experimental facility to carry out the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Shailendra Kr Singh, Anirban Dhar & Mukul Chandra Paul

  2. Fiber Optics & Photonics Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Shailendra Kr Singh, Anirban Dhar & Mukul Chandra Paul

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  1. Shailendra Kr Singh
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  2. Anirban Dhar
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Singh, S.K., Dhar, A. & Paul, M.C. Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and the influence of Bi+3 doping over nanocomposite thin films. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 5504–5519 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05272-3

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