Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of microcapsules doping on DC flashover and trap level of self-healing epoxy resin composites

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 20 January 2021

This article has been updated

Abstract

Minor physical defects can decrease the dielectric efficiency of epoxy resin and severely threaten the electrical device’s dependability. Self-healing may be considered an effective method to preserve the electrical and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin. Besides, self-healing significantly decreases the influence of small physical destruction on the power system. In this research, epoxy resin incorporated with various concentration of microcapsules was prepared. The polyurea formaldehyde (PUF) microcapsules were treated using a silane coupling agent (KH550) to enhance dispersion. Moreover, the self-healing performance of the epoxy resin incorporated with microcapsules was analyzed by FTIR, SEM, and DC Flashover in air and vacuum. In addition, trap energy and trap density were obtained from measurements of surface potential decay (ISPD). The SEM results indicate that in comparison with pure epoxy resin, the microcapsule/epoxy resin composite has an improved self-healing performance. The DC Flashover of epoxy resin in air and vacuum was found relatively higher after incorporation of microcapsules than pure epoxy resin. The distribution of trap energy and trap density measured by surface potential decay measurements confirms that 5 wt% have deeper traps and the highest trap energy levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

References

  1. M.Z. Khan, F. Wang, L. He, Z. Shen, Z. Huang, M.A. Mehmood, Influence of treated nano-alumina and gas-phase fluorination on the dielectric properties of epoxy resin/alumina nanocomposites. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 27, 403–408 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M.Z. khan, A. Waleed, A. khan, M.A.S. Hassan, Z.J. Paracha, U. Farooq, Significantly improved surface flashover characteristics of epoxy resin/Al2O3 nanocomposites in air, vacuum and SF6 by gas-phase fluorination. Electron. Mater. Sci. 49, 3400–3408 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Wang, T. Zhang, J. Li, M.Z. Khan, Z. Huang, L. He, Y. He, DC breakdown and flashover characteristic of direct fluorinated epoxy/Al2O3 nanocomposites. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 26, 731–737 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  4. M.Z. Khan, F. Wang, J. Li, M.A.S. Hassan, J. Ahmad, M.A. Mehmood, Y. He, Effect of direct fluorination on electrical characteristics of epoxy resin alumina composites, IEEE International Conference on Dielectrics, 1–4 (2018).

  5. Y. Wang, Y. Liu, S. Wang, H. Xu, The effect of electro thermal aging on the properties of epoxy resin in dry-type transformer. Trans. China Electrotech. Soc. 33, 250–260 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  6. L. Arronche, V. Saponara, S. Yesil, Impact damage sensing of multiscale composites through epoxy matrix containing carbon nanotubes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 128, 2797–2806 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. N. Saurín, J. Sanes, M. Bermúdez, Self-healing of abrasion damage in epoxy resin-ionic liquid nanocomposites. Tribol. Lett. 58, 4 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. P. Hu, C. Li, D. Chen, Cause analysis and countermeasure study of cracking accident of cable GIS terminal epoxy casing. Electr. Power Eng. Technol. 36, 102–105 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Wang, Y. Liu, K. Xiao, The effect of hygrothermal aging on the properties of epoxy resin. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 13, 892–901 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  10. L. Chen, T. Tsao, Y. Lin, New diagnosis approach to epoxy resin transformer partial discharge using acoustic technology. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 20, 2501–2508 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Huang, K. Zhou, D. Yang, M. Yang, Effect of on-line rejuvenation on water tree propagation in XLPE cables. Trans. China Electrotech. Soc. 31, 176–182 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. E.N. Brown, S.R. White, N.R. Sottos, Retardation and repair of fatigue cracks in a microcapsule toughened epoxy. Composite-part II: In situ self-healing. Compos. Sci. Technol. 65, 2474–2480 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Yang, K. Zhou, K. Wu, W. Tao, D. Yang, A new rejuvenation technology based on formation of nano-SiO2 composite fillers for water tree aged XLPE cables. Trans. China Electrotech Soc. 30, 481–487 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  14. G. Wei, J. Tang, X. Zhang, J. Lin, Gray intensity image feature extraction of partial discharge in high-voltage cross-linked polyethylene power cable joint. Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst. 24, 215–226 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Xu, X. Dong, R. Li, G. Liu, H. Xia, Z. Xia, Ultrasonic phased array detection of composite insulator internal defects. Electr. Power Eng. Technol. 37, 75–79 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  16. S.R. White, N.R. Sottos, P.H. Geubelle, J.S. Moore, M.R. Kessler, S.R. Sriram, Autonomic healing of polymer composites. Nature 409, 794–797 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. D.G. Bekas, K. Tsirka, D. Baltzis, A.S. Paipetis, Self-healing materials: a review of advances in materials, evaluation, characterization and monitoring techniques. Compos. B 87, 92–119 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Kang, J.B.H. Tok, Z. Bao, Self-healing soft electronics. Nat. Electron. 2, 144–150 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Li, B. Dong, Z. Yang, J. Xu, Q. Chen, H. Li, F. Xing, Z. Jiang, Recent advances in intrinsic self-healing cementitious materials. Adv. Mater. 30, 1705679 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. E.B. Murphy, F. Wudl, The world of smart healable materials. Prog. Polym. Sci. 35, 223–251 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S. An, M.W. Lee, A.L. Yarin, S.S. Yoon, A review on corrosion-protective extrinsic self-healing: comparison of microcapsule-based systems and those based on core-shell vascular networks. Chem. Eng. J. 344, 206–220 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. X. Zhang, H. Ji, Z. Qiao, Residual stress in self-healing microcapsule-loaded epoxy. Mater. Lett. 137, 9–12 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C. Lesaint, R. Gard, V. Hølto, J. Saeternes, H.H. Hestad, S. Hvidsten., Self-healing high voltage electrical insulation materials. IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC). 241–244 (2014)

  24. W.W. Shen, H.B. Mu, G.J. Zhang, J.B. Deng, D.M. Tu, Identification of electron and hole trap based on isothermal surface potential decay model. J. Appl. Phys. 113, 083706 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. F. Safaei, S.N. Khorasani, H. Rahnama, R.E. Neisiany, M.S. Koochaki, Single microcapsules containing epoxy healing agent used for development in the fabrication of cost efficient self-healing epoxy coating. Prog. Org. Coat. 114, 40–46 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. C. Zhang, H. Wang, Q. Zhou, Preparation and characterization of microcapsules based self-healing coatings containing epoxy ester as healing agent. Prog. Org. Coat. 125, 403–410 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M.Z. khan, F. Wang, Z. Huang, A. Waleed, M.A.S. Hassan, Filler concentration effect on breakdown strength and trap level of epoxy resin—Al2O3 nanocomposites. Polym. Bull. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03411-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zeeshan Khan, Aurang Zaib, Asim Khan, Muhammad Arshad Shehzad Hassan, Umar Farooq & Zahir Javed Paracha

Authors
  1. Muhammad Zeeshan Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aurang Zaib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Asim Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Muhammad Arshad Shehzad Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Umar Farooq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zahir Javed Paracha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Zeeshan Khan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The original online version of this article was revised due to the spell error in one of the co-author name.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khan, M.Z., Zaib, A., Khan, A. et al. Effect of microcapsules doping on DC flashover and trap level of self-healing epoxy resin composites. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 2765–2773 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05017-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05017-8

Search

Navigation