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Optically poled SHG and THG effects in cesium doped zinc oxide nanorods

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Abstract

The hexagonal wurtzite structure of the synthesized undoped and cesium (Cs) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were confirmed with X-ray diffraction patterns. Further analysis with field emission scanning electron microscope images and energy dispersive X-ray spectra revealed the c-axis oriented hexagonal morphology of the samples with chemical composition. Optical poling through 337 nm nitrogen laser has been adopted to enhance the nonlinear optical properties. When the power density of the fundamental laser beam from Nd:YAG laser of 1064 nm matched with the band edge of the samples, resonant absorption takes place leading to the enhanced NLO properties. The interstitial occupancy of the dopants in 3 and 5 mol% CsZnO increases the band tailing in the forbidden energy gap. The minimum of Urbach energy calculated from UV–Vis absorption spectra corresponding to 1 mol% CsZnO revealed more ordering in the sample. More enhanced second and third order NLO effects were observed in this sample having larger crystallite size, lesser diameter, lesser band gap, minimum urbach energy and higher electron–phonon interaction.

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Acknowledgements

B. Santoshkumar thanks the UGC-SERO, Hyderabad, India for providing the Teacher fellowship under UGC-Faculty Development Programme vide F.No. FIP-TNMS039/001(TF)/PHYSICS/Ph.D/XII PLAN/2014-15 dated December 2014. Also he acknowledges the Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad – 826 004, India for the facilities provided for this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PG and Research Department of Physics, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, 627 412, India

    B. Santoshkumar & S. Kalyanaraman

  2. Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad, 826 004, India

    R. Thangavel & T. Santhoshkumar

  3. Nanoscience Division, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412, India

    G. Annadurai

  4. Institute of Optoelectronics and Measuring Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 17, 42-201, Czestochowa, Poland

    I. V. Kityk, J. Jedryka & K. Ozga

  5. Institute of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 36 B, 42-201, Czestochowa, Poland

    A. Slezak

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  1. B. Santoshkumar
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Correspondence to S. Kalyanaraman.

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Santoshkumar, B., Kalyanaraman, S., Thangavel, R. et al. Optically poled SHG and THG effects in cesium doped zinc oxide nanorods. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 15291–15298 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8794-9

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