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Electrical characteristics of PbO–CaO–TiO2–SiO2–B2O3 glass ceramics doped with germanium

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Abstract

Various glass samples in the compound 55[(PbxCa1−x)O⋅TiO2]-44[2SiO2⋅B2O3]-1Ge (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) were fabricated by using the melt-quenching technique and their glass ceramics (GC) were obtained by controlled crystallization of the glass samples. The identification of phase and crystal structure with measurement of cell parameters was carried out using X-ray diffractometer (XRD). XRD results revealed the presence of the single phase formation of rutile (TiO2). The surface morphology of the synthesized GC samples was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrical behaviour of three selected GC samples with x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.7 was being widely studied using impedance and immittance spectroscopy. The lead free GC sample, x = 0.0 possesses a high dielectric constant, 91,252 at low frequency (50 Hz) and high temperature (500 °C) due to space charge polarization that was ascertained by impedance spectroscopy of the tested samples. The fitting of impedance spectra with a modelled equivalent circuit was performed and different values of resistance and capacitance were calculated.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to TEQIP II, NERIST for affording the requisite finances to perform the experimental work and investigations. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Human Resource Development Group, CSIR Complex, Pusa, New Delhi (India) under the ‘Senior Research Fellowship’ vide letter No. 09/107(0380)/2016-EMR-I (Ack. No. 124250/2K15/1). Authors would like to recognize DST, New Delhi for giving FIST facility in the Department of Physics, NERIST for XRD and dielectric experiments vide Approval Order Number SB/52/CMP-093/2013. Authors also acknowledge to Center of Excellence, Science and Technology, Government of Uttar Pradesh for extending the XRD facility at Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, 791109, India

    Sangeeta Das & Satyam Shivam Gautam

  2. Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India

    Abhishek Madheshiya & Chandkiram Gautam

  3. Department of Physics, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, 791109, India

    Diptimayee Tripathy

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  1. Sangeeta Das
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  2. Abhishek Madheshiya
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  3. Satyam Shivam Gautam
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Correspondence to Chandkiram Gautam.

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Das, S., Madheshiya, A., Gautam, S.S. et al. Electrical characteristics of PbO–CaO–TiO2–SiO2–B2O3 glass ceramics doped with germanium. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 2431–2441 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0516-9

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