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Effect of thermal calcination on the structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of (ZnO–Ni) semiconductor

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Abstract

We report the variations in structural, dielectric and magnetic properties with elevation of calcination temperature of (ZnO, Ni), synthesized by hydrothermal route. Incorporation of Ni in ZnO lattice is accompanied by numerous oxygen vacancies. With increasing calcinations temperature, enhancement in particle size with improvement in crystallization are observed, which is most probably due to grain growth having less number of grain boundaries and enhancement in grain volume. The dielectric behavior gives deep insight of (ZnO, Ni) nanoparticles microstructure. The abrupt increase in A.C. conductivity (σa.c) at high frequencies arises due to the addition of detached charge carrier from trap states to the conduction charge carriers. The (ZnO, Ni) nanoparticles, calcined at different temperatures, show significant changes in the hysteresis loop of ZnO nanoparticles: the loop shows strong ferromagnetic (FM) behavior. The magnetization enhances with increasing the calcination temperature of the particle (Ni, ZnO). Defects (oxygen vacancies) are found to be the main reason for room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in the (ZnO, Ni) nanoparticles. The enhanced dielectric and magnetic properties of (ZnO, Ni) nanoparticles are strongly correlated with the increase of oxygen vacancies.

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Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by the Higher Education Research Endowment Fund (NO.PMU1-22/HEREF/2014-15/Vol-111/) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan, Higher Education Commission under START-UP RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM (Grant No: 21-1525/SRGP/R&D/HEC/2017), (Grant No: 21-1732/SRGP/R&D/HEC/2017), (Grant No: 21-1553/SRGP/R&D/HEC/2017) and Grant No: 21-1287/SRGP/R&D/HEC/2016 the Fundamental Research Funds for the Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, KPK, Pakistan

    Rajwali Khan,  Zulfiqar, Tahirzeb Khan, Shaukat Ali Khattak, Ejaz Ahmed, Aurangzeb Khan, Gulzar Khan, Kashif Safeen & Akif Safeen

  2. Departamento de F ́ ısica, Universidade Federal de Vi ̧ cosa-UFV, Vi ̧cosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Clodoaldo Irineu Levartoski de Araujo

  3. Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, 25000, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

    Burhan Ullah

  4. Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China

    Rajwali Khan

  5. Department of Physics, University of Poonch, Rawlakot, 12350, AJK, Pakistan

    Akif Safeen

  6. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fı´sicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil

    Rajwali Khan & Syed Adnan Raza

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  1. Rajwali Khan
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Correspondence to Rajwali Khan.

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Khan, R., Zulfiqar, de Araujo, C.I.L. et al. Effect of thermal calcination on the structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of (ZnO–Ni) semiconductor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 3396–3404 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-00613-1

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