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Structure and magnetic properties of (Co, Mn) co-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles

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Abstract

The ZnO, Zn0.96Mn0.04O, Zn0.95Mn0.04Co0.01O, Zn0.94Mn0.04Co0.02O and Zn0.92Mn0.04Co0.04O nanoparticles were synthesized by simple chemical precipitation technique. The effects of co-doping on the structure and magnetic properties of these nanoparticles were studied. The X-rays diffraction (XRD) scans were performed in the 2θ range of 20°–80°. The XRD patterns, at 300 K, of all the pure and co-doped ZnO samples confirmed the formation of wurtzite-type structure. X-ray diffraction and transmission scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that the high spin Co2+ and Mn2+ ions were substituted for the Zn2+ ions at tetrahedral sites. The average size of the nanoparticles were increased from 17 to 24 nm with the increase of dopants concentration. Moreover, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the synthesis results. All Zn0.96−xMn0.04Co x O (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4) nanoparticles samples were observed to be paramagnetic below 300 K. However, a large increase in the magnetization was observed below 40 K. This behavior, along with the negative value of the Curie–Weiss constant obtained from the linear fit to the susceptibility data below room temperature, indicated the ferromagnetic nature of the samples. The origin of ferromagnetism is likely to be the intrinsic characteristics of the Co and Mn doped samples. The high magnetization was noted for the 1 wt% Co co-doped Mn–ZnO annealed samples as compared to other samples with Co concentration above and below this threshold concentration.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan under START-UP RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM with a Grant No. : 21-1525/SRGP/R&D/HEC/2017 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the HEC Pakistan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, KPK, Pakistan

    Rajwali Khan,  Zulfiqar & Aurangzeb Khan

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe

    Simbarashe Fashu

  3. Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Zia Ur Rehman

  4. Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, KPK, Pakistan

    Muneeb Ur Rahman

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  1. Rajwali Khan
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  2. Zulfiqar
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  5. Aurangzeb Khan
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Correspondence to Rajwali Khan or Muneeb Ur Rahman.

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Khan, R., Zulfiqar, Fashu, S. et al. Structure and magnetic properties of (Co, Mn) co-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 32–37 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7884-4

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