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Facile synthesis and characterization of MnO2 nanomaterials as supercapacitor electrode materials

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Abstract

MnO2 nanomaterials are synthesized via calcinations in air at various temperatures. Amorphous MnO2 masses appear between 100 and 300 °C and nanorods form above 400 °C. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy are used to observe the geometries of each material, with further structural analyses conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and BET method. The electrochemical properties are investigated through galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling, electrochemical impedance spectra, and cyclic voltammetry within a three-electrode test cell filled with 1 mol L−1 Na2SO4 solution. The slightly asymmetric galvanostatic cycling curves suggest that the reversibility of the Faradaic reactions are imperfect, requiring a larger time to charge than discharge. The specific capacitances of each sample are calculated and trends are identified, proving that the samples synthesized at higher temperatures exhibit poorer electrochemical behaviors. The highest calculated specific capacitance is 175 F g−1 by the sample calcinated at 400 °C. However, the lower temperature samples exhibit more favorable geometric properties and higher overall average specific capacitances. For future research, it is suggested that surface modifications such as a carbon coating could be used in conjunction with the MnO2 nanorods to reach the electrochemical properties required by contemporary industrial applications.

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Acknowledgments

This research was made possible with the cooperation of Clarkson University and Tsinghua University, and the financial support of Corning, Incorporated. The authors would also like to acknowledge the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC–Nos. 51172119, 51572145 and 51221291).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China

      Yucheng Zhao & Chang-An Wang

    2. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA

      Jacob Misch

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    1. Yucheng Zhao
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    2. Jacob Misch
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    3. Chang-An Wang
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    Correspondence to Chang-An Wang.

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    Yucheng Zhao and Jacob Misch have contributed equally to this work.

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    Zhao, Y., Misch, J. & Wang, CA. Facile synthesis and characterization of MnO2 nanomaterials as supercapacitor electrode materials. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 5533–5542 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4457-x

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