Abstract
The effect of Bi2O3 on microstructure, electrical properties, dielectric characteristics, and aging behavior vanadium oxide-doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics was systematically investigated. Analysis of the phase indicated that the ceramics modified with Bi2O3 consisted of ZnO grain as a main phase and a few secondary phases such as Zn3(VO4)2, ZnV2O4, BiVO4, V2O5, and Mn-rich phase. The average grain size increased from 5.6 to 7.2 μm and the sintered density decreased in the range of 5.51–5.37 g/cm3 up to 0.05 mol%, whereas a further addition increased it to 5.40 g/cm3 at 0.25 mol%. The breakdown field decreased from 4,874 to 2,205 V/cm with an increase in the amount of Bi2O3. The ceramics added with 0.025 mol% Bi2O3 were characterized by a surprisingly high nonlinear coefficient (60) and very low leakage current density (20 μA/cm2). Bi atoms in the bulk acted as a donor to increase the electron concentration with an increase in the amount of Bi2O3.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Matsuoka, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 10, 736 (1971)
K. Mukae, K. Tsuda, I. Nagasawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 16, 1361 (1977)
L.M. Levinson, H.R. Philipp, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 65, 639 (1986)
T.K. Gupta, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 1817 (1990)
D.R. Clarke, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82, 485 (1999)
J.-K. Tsai, T.-B. Wu, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 4817 (1994)
J.-K. Tsai, T.-B. Wu, Mater. Lett. 26, 199 (1996)
C.T. Kuo, C.S. Chen, I.-N. Lin, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81, 2949 (1998)
H.-H. Hng, P.L. Chan, Mater. Chem. Phys. 75, 61 (2002)
C.-W. Nahm, J. Mater. Sci. 42, 8370 (2007)
H.-H. Hng, P.L. Chan, Ceram. Int. 35, 409 (2009)
C.-W. Nahm, Ceram. Int. 35, 3435 (2009)
C.-W. Nahm, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 21, 540 (2010)
C.-W. Nahm, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 22, 444 (2011)
C.-W. Nahm, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94, 3227 (2011)
J.C. Wurst, J.A. Nelson, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 55, 109 (1972)
M. Mukae, K. Tsuda, I. Nagasawa, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 4475 (1979)
L. Hozer, Semiconductor Ceramics: Grain Boundary Effects (Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1994), p. 22
J. Fan, R. Freer, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 2663–2668 (1994)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nahm, CW. Varistor characteristics of vanadium oxide-doped zinc oxide ceramics modified with bismuth oxide. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 24, 70–78 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-012-0853-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-012-0853-z