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A review of magnesium corrosion in bio-applications: mechanism, classification, modeling, in-vitro, and in-vivo experimental testing, and tailoring Mg corrosion rate

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Abstract

Materials with medical applications must show different properties and requirements, such as mimicking bones' structures and supporting bone tissue formation (osteogenesis) for implants. Magnesium (Mg) alloys as biodegradable materials have recently become outstanding biomaterials because of their desirable properties like being soluble within the body, having low density, exhibiting near-to-natural-bone Young module, and having after-corrosion-based products, which are not only biologically degradable but also non-toxic. In addition to the mentioned properties, the ability to stimulate new bone growth and more outstanding biocompatibility of Mg alloys than other ceramic-based, polymeric, and metallic biomaterials make Mg alloys one of the most favorable biomaterials for the next generation of orthopedic appliances and bioresorbable scaffolds. However, the rapid corrosion rate of Mg results in adverse outcomes such as hydrogen gas release (hydrogen built-up), mechanical integrity loss of the implant before the complete healing of the tissue (premature mechanical integrity disintegration), and weaker mechanical properties, which can limit their more comprehensive applications and restrict their ability in clinical bone restoration has become a challenge needing urgent action. The properties of Mg and its alloys, making them biomaterials and their applications, are introduced thoroughly in this study. At the same time, the most notable drawback of Mg, which is its rapid degradation rate, as well as Mg corrosion classification, its modeling approaches, and in vivo/in vitro testing methods, are fully described. Moreover, the relevant techniques to improve and boost its corrosion resistance, such as purification, adding alloying elements, surface coating, and Mg-based composites, are entirely presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xijing University, X’ian, 710123, Shaanxi, China

    Song Zhao

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Modarres Blvd., Shiraz, Iran

    Moslem Tayyebi

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Adjunct Faculty, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mahdireza Yarigarravesh

  4. X’ian University of Science and Technology, X’ian, 710054, Shaanxi, China

    Guangfan Hu

Authors
  1. Song Zhao
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  2. Moslem Tayyebi
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  3. Mahdireza Yarigarravesh
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  4. Guangfan Hu
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Contributions

S. Zh, G.H, M. Y and M. T contributed to Conceptualization, analysis, investigation; M. T, S.Zh contributed to writing original draft; M.T contributed to Writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Song Zhao or Moslem Tayyebi.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Zhao, S., Tayyebi, M., Mahdireza Yarigarravesh et al. A review of magnesium corrosion in bio-applications: mechanism, classification, modeling, in-vitro, and in-vivo experimental testing, and tailoring Mg corrosion rate. J Mater Sci 58, 12158–12181 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08782-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08782-z

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