Abstract
Paraffin, due to its linear chain and saturated hydrocarbons with low thermal conductivity, is difficult to transfer energy effectively. Using amphiphilicity of graphene oxide (GO), Pickering emulsion of paraffin@GO was obtained and then paraffin@graphene microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) were achieved by chemical reduction through adding hydrazine hydrate. Thermally conductive PCMs with segregated structure were constructed by hot compression of paraffin@graphene microencapsules. Scanning electronic microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal conductivity test were used to characterize microstructure and thermal properties of MEPCMs. Meanwhile, the effect of graphene on the phase change latent heat and phase transition temperature was investigated. Results indicated that GO did not react with paraffin during the process of chemical reduction and the obtained MEPCMs were regular spheres. These MEPCMs had paraffin content of 99% or even more. Graphene working as shell materials increased the phase change latent heat of paraffin from 227.6 to 232.4 J/g, without affecting the phase transition temperature. The hot-compress molding makes graphene shell form segregated structure with more thermal pathways, further enhancing thermal conductivity. The segregated-structure PCMs with high latent heat and thermal conductivity can be applied in energy storage field.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Khan MMA, Saidur R, Al-Sulaiman FA (2017) A review for phase change materials (PCMs) in solar absorption refrigeration systems. Renew Sust Energy Rev 76:105–137
Tyagi VV, Buddhi D (2007) PCM thermal storage in buildings: a state of art. Renew Sust Energy Rev 11:1146–1166
Jeon J, Lee J-H, Seo J et al (2013) Application of PCM thermal energy storage system to reduce building energy consumption. J Therm Anal Calorim 111:279–288
Hawlader MNA, Uddin MS, Khin MM (2003) Microencapsulated PCM thermal-energy storage system. Appl Energy 74:195–202
Yuan KJ, Wang HC, Liu J et al (2015) Novel slurry containing graphene oxide-grafted microencapsulated phase change material with enhanced thermo-physical properties and photo-thermal performance. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 143:29–37
Zhang L, Yang W, Jiang Z et al (2017) Graphene oxide-modified microencapsulated phase change materials with high encapsulation capacity and enhanced leakage-prevention performance. Appl Energy 197:354–363
Li MG, Zhang Y, Xu YH et al (2011) Effect of different amounts of surfactant on characteristics of nanoencapsulated phase-change materials. Polym Bull 67:541
Sánchez-Silva L, Tsavalas J, Sundberg D et al (2010) Synthesis and characterization of paraffin wax microcapsules with acrylic-based polymer shells. Ind Eng Chem Res 49:12204–12211
Zhao CY, Zhang GH (2011) Review on microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs): fabrication, characterization and applications. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15:3813–3832
Li J, Xue P, Ding W et al (2009) Micro-encapsulated paraffin/high-density polyethylene/wood flour composite as form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93:1761–1767
Dao TD, Jeong HM (2016) A Pickering emulsion route to a stearic acid/graphene core–shell composite phase change material. Carbon 99:49–57
Dao TD, Jeong HM (2015) Novel stearic acid/graphene core–shell composite microcapsule as a phase change material exhibiting high shape stability and performance. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 137:227–234
Yang J, Qi G-Q, Liu Y et al (2016) Hybrid graphene aerogels/phase change material composites: thermal conductivity, shape-stabilization and light-to-thermal energy storage. Carbon 100:693–702
Shang Y, Zhang D (2017) Preparation and characterization of three-dimensional graphene network encapsulating 1-hexadecanol composite. Appl Therm Eng 111:353–357
Ye S, Zhang Q, Hu D et al (2015) Core-shell-like structured graphene aerogel encapsulating paraffin: shape-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage. J Mater Chem A 3:4018–4025
Yoo TJ, Hwang E-B, Jeong YG (2016) Thermal and electrical properties of poly(phenylene sulfide)/carbon nanotube nanocomposite films with a segregated structure. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac 91:77–84
George N, Bipinbal PK, Bhadran B et al (2017) Segregated network formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in natural rubber through surfactant assisted latex compounding: a novel technique for multifunctional properties. Polymer 112:264–277
Hu M, Feng J, Ng KM (2015) Thermally conductive PP/AlN composites with a 3-D segregated structure. Compos Sci Technol 110:26–34
Liu HR, Yang WB, He FF et al (2014) Graphene-based composite with microwave absorption property prepared by in situ reduction. Polym Compos 35:461–467
Tadros TF (2013) Emulsion formation, stability, and rheology. In: emulsion formation and stability. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp 1–75
Li JF, Lu W, Zeng YB et al (2014) Simultaneous enhancement of latent heat and thermal conductivity of docosane-based phase change material in the presence of spongy graphene. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 128:48–51
Wei K, Ma B, Wang H et al (2017) Synthesis and thermal properties of novel microencapsulated phase-change materials with binary cores and epoxy polymer shells. Polym Bull 74:359–367
Wang TY, Wang SF, Luo RL et al (2016) Microencapsulation of phase change materials with binary cores and calcium carbonate shell for thermal energy storage. Appl Energy 171:113–119
Hu XF, Huang ZH, Zhang YH (2014) Preparation of CMC-modified melamine resin spherical nano-phase change energy storage materials. Carbohydr Polym 101:83–88
Zhang Y, Zheng XH, Wang HT et al (2014) Encapsulated phase change materials stabilized by modified graphene oxide. J Mater Chem A 2:5304–5314
Sari A, Alkan C, Bilgin C (2014) Micro/nano encapsulation of some paraffin eutectic mixtures with poly(methyl methacrylate) shell: preparation, characterization and latent heat thermal energy storage properties. Appl Energy 136:217–227
Su W, Darkwa J, Kokogiannakis G (2017) Development of microencapsulated phase change material for solar thermal energy storage. Appl Therm Eng 112:1205–1212
Chen Z, Wang J, Yu F et al (2015) Preparation and properties of graphene oxide-modified poly(melamine-formaldehyde) microcapsules containing phase change material n-dodecanol for thermal energy storage. J Mater Chem A 3:11624–11630
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by NSAF of China [Nos. U1530102 and U1730114]; Applied Basic Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province [No. 2017JY0149]; Project Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department [No. 17TD0043]; and Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Sichuan University) [No. sklpme 2016-4-33]. We thank Jian Zheng, a colleague in our laboratory who is also a postdoctoral fellow in the USA, for linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, W., Zhang, L., Guo, Y. et al. Novel segregated-structure phase change materials composed of paraffin@graphene microencapsules with high latent heat and thermal conductivity. J Mater Sci 53, 2566–2575 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1693-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1693-2