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3D macroporous Ti3C2Tx MXene/cellulose nanofibre/rGO hybrid aerogel electrode with superior energy density

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Abstract

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and MXene have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional pseudocapacitance and electrical conductivity that are viable in energy storage applications. Nevertheless, the challenge of self-restacking between the 2D material surfaces and the tendency of MXene to oxidise has posed obstacles to their further utilisation. This prompted researchers to use cellulose nanofibre (CNF) as a prospective “bridge” to connect the two materials. This approach has been shown to prevent MXene from oxidising while facilitating GO conversion into rGO via reduction. Consequently, 3D macroporous Ti3C2Tx MXene/cellulose nanofibres/reduced graphene oxide (MCG) aerogels have been successfully prepared. A breakthrough in solving the self-stacking problem and creating a sensibly designed 3D macroporous electrode structure has yielded excellent electrochemical capabilities for MCG aerogel electrodes. Specifically at 1.0 mW cm−2 power density, these electrodes have demonstrated an outstanding performance in 5000 cycles with 79.4% retention rate, favourable areal specific capacitance of 671 mF cm−2 and unparalleled energy density of 60.9 mWh cm−2. Overall, this study offers significant perspectives on the possible uses of 2D materials, especially in terms of adjusting their structure and functionality.

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Acknowledgements

The support provided by the Advanced Analysis and Testing Center of Nanjing Forestry University is gratefully acknowledged by the authors.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201491, 32101444), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2023QNRC001), the Major Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu (18KJA220002), and the Special Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017T100313).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

    Xiaoyu Bi, Yang Shi, Shengbo Ge & Runzhou Huang

  2. Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8, UK

    Ben Bin Xu

  3. School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Xia Li

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Ximin He

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Xiaoyu Bi and Yang Shi wrote the main manuscript text. Xiaoyu Bi and Yang Shi prepared all the figures. Shengbo Ge, Ben Bin Xu and Ximin He edited the main manuscript text. Shengbo Ge, Xia Li and Runzhou Huang revised and supported funding. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Bi, X., Shi, Y., Ge, S. et al. 3D macroporous Ti3C2Tx MXene/cellulose nanofibre/rGO hybrid aerogel electrode with superior energy density. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 7, 65 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-024-00877-8

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