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Stress and strain mapping of micro-domain bundles in barium titanate using electron backscatter diffraction

  • Ceramics
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Abstract

Cross-correlation of electron backscatter diffraction patterns has been used to generate stress and strain maps of a single crystal of tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3) containing bundles of small, (0.2–5) μm, a- and c-domains separated by 90° domain boundaries. The strains peaked at the domain boundaries, and approximately equal, but opposite, values were observed in the a- and c-domains; the peak strain magnitudes were slightly less than half the tetragonal distortion of BaTiO3, about 0.004, consistent with a tendency to a cubic structure at domain boundaries. The strain state was dominated by two normal strains: in-plane, perpendicular to domain wall intersections with the surface, and out-of-plane, perpendicular to the surface. In distinction to larger, lamellar domains, significant shear strains were also observed. Stress maps were constructed from strain maps using a method that does not require zero stress at reference locations. Peak in-plane normal stresses of approximately 700 MPa were observed. The variation of the stress component parallel to the domain walls was used to determine numerically a microstructurally based stress intensity factor for crack propagation perpendicular to the domain walls. The conditions for stable micro-crack formation in the microstructural stress field and unstable crack propagation under the action of a superposed applied stress were considered in the context of multi-layer ceramic capacitor reliability.

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Acknowledgments

Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and software are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the equipment or software identified is necessarily best available for the purpose.

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  1. Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Jane A. Howell, Mark D. Vaudin, Lawrence H. Friedman & Robert F. Cook

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  1. Jane A. Howell
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  2. Mark D. Vaudin
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  3. Lawrence H. Friedman
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  4. Robert F. Cook
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Correspondence to Robert F. Cook.

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Howell, J.A., Vaudin, M.D., Friedman, L.H. et al. Stress and strain mapping of micro-domain bundles in barium titanate using electron backscatter diffraction. J Mater Sci 52, 12608–12623 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1355-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1355-4

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