Abstract
Little is known about photostructurable glasses when compared to quartz and the other glass families. This article investigates optical and thermal behavior of the two commercially produced Apex™ and Foturan™ photosensitive glasses in relation to their composition. A composition analysis is performed on the two glasses using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and UV spectroscopy. Cerium and silver were found to exist at higher concentrations in Foturan than in Apex glass. Difference in transmission in the 240–340 nm window is mainly attributed to the different concentrations of cerium and silver in the glasses. Infrared transmission in the range of 2.7–5.0 μm is improved following an annealing process. Structural stability over a different range of temperatures in the two photosensitive glasses is investigated, and is attributed to the silica content at the expense of lithium oxide. Raman spectroscopy shows that the UV-exposed-then-baked photosensitive glass, results in the formation of a uniform crystalline-phase lithium metasilicate with a preponderantly Q2 species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dietrich T, Ehrfeld W, Lacher M, Krämer M, Speit B (1996) Microelectron Eng 30:497
Cho Y-R, Oh J-Y, Kim H-S, Jeong H-S (1999) Mater Sci Eng 64:221
Freitag A, Vogel D, Scholz R, Dietrich TR (2001) J Assoc Lab Autom 6:45
Flemming J, Buckley C, Schmidt C (2008) Compositions and methods to fabricate a photoactive substrate suitable for shaped structures. US Patent 20080248250
Bhardwaj V, Simova E, Corkum P, Rayner D, Hnatovsky C, Taylor R, Schreder B, Kluge M, Zimmer J (2005) J Appl Phys 97:083102
Livingston F, Adams P, Helvajian H (2005) Appl Surf Sci 247:526
Livingston F, Helvajian H (2005) Appl Phys A 81:1569
Tantawi KH, Oates J, Kamali-Sarvestani R, Bergquist N, Williams JD (2011) J Micromech Microeng 21:017001
Williams J, Schmidt C, Serkland D (2010) Appl Phys A 99:777
Cheng Y, Tsai HL, Sugioka K, Midorikawa K (2006) Appl Phys A 85:11
Tantawi K, Gaillard W, Helton J, Waddell E, Mirov S, Fedorov V, Williams J (2013) Microsyst Technol 19:173
Gleitsmann T, Stegemann B, Bernhardt T (2004) Appl Phys Lett 84:4050
Brandily-Anne M-L, Lumeau J, Glebova L, Glebov LB (2010) J Non Cryst Solids 356:2337
Paul A, Mulholland M, Zaman M (1976) J Mater Sci 11:2082. doi:10.1007/BF02403358
Pace C, Vajdos F, Fee L, Grimsley G, Gray T (1995) Protein Sci 4:2411
Goldfarb AR, Saidel L, Mosovich E (1951) J Biol Chem 193:397
Aitken A, Learmonth M (1996) In: Walker JM (ed) The protein protocols handbook: protein determination by UV absorption, 2nd edn. Humana Press, New Jersey, p 3
Lua J, Bravo-Suáreza J, Takahashia A, Harutab M, Oyama ST (2005) J Catal 232(1):85
Fujita K, Takahara Y, Chikaura Y (2008) Mater Trans 49:372
Klyuev VP, Pevzner B (2002) Glass Phys Chem 28:207
Serra J, Gonzalez P, Liste S, Chiussi S, León B, Pérez-Amor M, Ylänen HO, Hupa M (2002) J Mater Sci Mater Med 13:1221
Araujo R (1997) J Non Cryst Solids 222:25
Efimov A, Pogareva V, Shashkin A (2003) J Non Cryst Solids 332:93
Doremus RH (1994) Glass science, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Ruchkin ED, Sokolova MN, Batsanov SS (1967) J Struct Chem 8:410
Kitson R, Griffith N (1952) Anal Chem 24:334
Yan B, Kumaravel G, Anjaria H, Wu A, Petter R, Jewell C, Wareing J (1995) J Org Chem 60:5736
Clayden NJ, Esposito S, Jayasooriya UA, Sprunt J, Pernice P (1998) J Non Cryst Solids 224:50
Tatsumisago M, Minami T, Umesaki N, Iwamato N (1986) Chem Lett 15:1371
Khafagy AH, El-Adawy AA, Higazy AA, El-Rabaie S, Eid AS (2008) J Non Cryst Solids 354:1460
Reynoso VCS, Yukimitu K, Nagami T, Carvalho CL, Moraes JCS, Araujo EB (2003) J Phys Chem Solids 64:27
Barbieri L, Leonelli C, Manfredini T, Siligardi C, Corradi AB (1997) J Am Ceram Soc 80:3077
Evans A, Rupp JL, Gauckler LJ (2012) J Eur Ceram Soc 32:203
Wallace KE, Hill RG, Pembroke JT, Brown CJ, Hatton PV (1999) J Mater Sci Mater Med 10:697
Waterhouse G, Bowmaker G, Metson J (2001) Phys Chem Chem Phys 3:3838
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Charles Lukehart at Vanderbilt University for allowing us to use the XRD equipment at his lab. We are also indebted to Dr. Claudiu Muntele at Alabama A&M University for running the Rutherford Backscattering experiment and Mr. Greg Blubaugh at Mettler-Toledo, Inc. for running the Differential Scanning Calorimetry for our use. This research was sponsored by the Albama Graduate Research Scholars Program (GRSP), and supported by the Office of the Vice President for Research in UAHuntsville.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tantawi, K.H., Waddel, E. & Williams, J.D. Structural and composition analysis of Apex™ and Foturan™ photodefinable glasses. J Mater Sci 48, 5316–5323 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7326-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7326-5