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Bacterial cellulose as source for activated nanosized carbon for electric double layer capacitors

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Abstract

A nanosized carbonaceous material was derived from bacterial cellulose (BC). BC, which is produced by bacteria as nanosized material, possesses high degree of crystallinity of 90 %, was pyrolysed at 950 °C and physically activated with CO2 to produce a nanosized activated carbon material. The pyrolysis of BC yielded a carbonaceous material (carbon yield of between 2 and 20 %) with a relatively low D- to G-band ratio (between 2.2 and 2.8), indicating that the carbonaceous material possesses a graphitic structure. Two different BC materials were pyrolysed—a loose fibrous (freeze-dried) and dense paper form. It was observed that a carbon nanofibre-like material was produced by the pyrolysis of the loose fibrous form of BC. The electric double layer (EDL) capacitance and the area-normalised specific capacitance in K2SO4 solution were as high as 42 F g−1 and 1,617 F cm−2, respectively. The EDL capacitance was also compared to commercially available activated carbon (YP-50F).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the UK Engineering and Physical Research Council (EPSRC) for funding KYL (EP/F028946/1) and the Challenging Engineering programme of the EPSRC for funding JJB (EP/E007538/1). The authors would like to thank Prof. Marc Anderson from the University of Wisconsin, Madison USA for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK

    Koon-Yang Lee, Hui Qian, Jonny J. Blaker & Alexander Bismarck

  2. Vibrational Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK

    Feng H. Tay & Sergei G. Kazarian

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  1. Koon-Yang Lee
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  2. Hui Qian
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  3. Feng H. Tay
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  4. Jonny J. Blaker
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  5. Sergei G. Kazarian
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  6. Alexander Bismarck
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Correspondence to Alexander Bismarck.

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Lee, KY., Qian, H., Tay, F.H. et al. Bacterial cellulose as source for activated nanosized carbon for electric double layer capacitors. J Mater Sci 48, 367–376 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6754-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6754-y

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