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Effect of the KMnO4 concentration on the structure and electrochemical behavior of MnO2

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Abstract

Various MnO2 structures have been synthesized in this study by a facile method through the manipulation of KMnO4 concentration. The effect of KMnO4 concentration on the structure and morphology has been thoroughly investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. Birnessite-type MnO2 flower-like microsphere can be obtained at a lower concentration, while α-MnO2 nanorods can be obtained at a higher concentration. By increasing the KMnO4 concentration further, α-MnO2 nanorods can assemble into urchin-like microspheres and spherical aggregates. The possible formation mechanism based on the experimental results has been proposed to understand their growth procedures. The electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and constant-current charge–discharge cycling techniques are dependent on their pore size distribution and nanostructures. Birnessite-type MnO2 microsphere showed excellent capacitive behavior with a maximum specific capacitance of 185 F g−1.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20977024)m and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No. B2009000258).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050016, People’s Republic of China

    Riri Han, Shengtao Xing, Zichuan Ma, Yinsu Wu & Yuanzhe Gao

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  1. Riri Han
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  2. Shengtao Xing
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  3. Zichuan Ma
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  4. Yinsu Wu
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  5. Yuanzhe Gao
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Correspondence to Zichuan Ma.

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Han, R., Xing, S., Ma, Z. et al. Effect of the KMnO4 concentration on the structure and electrochemical behavior of MnO2 . J Mater Sci 47, 3822–3827 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-6237-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-6237-6

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