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Equilibrium segregation of Ti to Au–sapphire interfaces

  • E-MRS MACAN
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Abstract

Equilibrium segregation of Ti to Au–sapphire interfaces was measured from dewetted Au(Ti) films on the (0001) surface of sapphire. Quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to determine a Ti excess at the Au–sapphire interface of 2.2 Ti atoms/nm2, which together with an excess of 4.6 Ti atoms/nm2 at the (0001) sapphire surface, is associated with a decrease in the solid–solid Au–sapphire interface energy. Quantitative high resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the segregated Ti is distributed within a 1.54-nm thick intergranular film at the Au–sapphire interface, which is not a bulk phase but rather an equilibrium interface state. As a result, Ti segregation without the formation of a bulk reaction at the interface is associated with a decreased interface energy, improved wetting, and may be an important part of the total complex mechanism responsible for improved wetting and spreading in “reactive” braze systems.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank M. Katz for technical assistance, and D. Chatain, P. Wynblatt, and W.C. Carter for stimulating discussions. H.M. acknowledges support from the Women in Science program of the Israel Ministry of Science and an Ilan Ramon scholarship. This study was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (#163/05) and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute at the Technion.

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  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel

    Elad Nussbaum, Hila Meltzman & Wayne D. Kaplan

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  1. Elad Nussbaum
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  2. Hila Meltzman
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  3. Wayne D. Kaplan
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Correspondence to Wayne D. Kaplan.

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Nussbaum, E., Meltzman, H. & Kaplan, W.D. Equilibrium segregation of Ti to Au–sapphire interfaces. J Mater Sci 47, 1647–1654 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5707-1

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