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Fabrication of ceramic components with hierarchical porosity

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Abstract

This article reviews different methodologies for the fabrication of monolithic ceramic components possessing multiscale porosity, i.e., with pores ranging from a few nanometers to several hundred microns. Two main strategies have been discussed: (a) the assembling of micro/mesoporous materials into components possessing also macropores; (b) the addition of micro/mesoporosity to macroporous, cellular monoliths. Both routes include one-pot and multi-step processing routes, and yield components with different properties in terms, for instance, of specific surface area values, mechanical strength, and permeability to fluids. The wide range of processing approaches available enable the fabrication of components with very varied morphology, suitable for a variety of industrial applications.

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Abbreviations

BCC:

Body-centered cubic

BET:

Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (theory for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a surface used for the determination of SSA)

CAP:

Catalyst-assisted pyrolysis

CCVD:

Catalytic chemical vapor deposition

CDC:

Carbide-derived carbon

cmc:

Critical micellar concentration

CNF:

Carbon nanofiber

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CTAB:

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DNPTES:

3-(2,4-dinitrophenylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane

EISA:

Evaporation-induced self assembly

F127:

Pluronic block copolymer: PEO106-PPO70-PEO106

FCC:

Face-centered cubic

LBL:

Layer-by-layer

MCF:

Mesostructured cellular foam

MTES:

Methyltriethoxysilane

P123:

Pluronic block copolymer: PEO20-PPO70-PEO20

PCP:

Pulsed current processing

PCS:

Polycarbosilane

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PEO:

Poly(ethylene oxide)

PMO:

Periodic mesoporous organosilica

PPO:

Poly(propylene oxide)

PS:

Polystyrene

PU:

Polyurethane

RVC:

Reticulated vitreous carbon

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SSA:

Specific surface area (typical units: m2/g)

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TEOS:

Tetraethoxysilane (tetraethyl orthosilicate)

TLCT:

True liquid crystal templating

TMB:

Trimethylbenzene

TMOS:

Tetramethoxysilane (tetramethyl orthosilicate)

TPAOH:

Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide

TTIP:

Titanium tetraisopropoxide

UF:

Urea-formaldehyde

W/O:

Water-in-oil (emulsion)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica—Settore Materiali, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy

    Paolo Colombo & Cekdar Vakifahmetoglu

  2. Associazione CIVEN, Via delle Industrie 5, 30175, Venezia, Italy

    Stefano Costacurta

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Paolo Colombo

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  1. Paolo Colombo
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  2. Cekdar Vakifahmetoglu
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  3. Stefano Costacurta
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Correspondence to Paolo Colombo.

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Colombo, P., Vakifahmetoglu, C. & Costacurta, S. Fabrication of ceramic components with hierarchical porosity. J Mater Sci 45, 5425–5455 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4708-9

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