Abstract
The capacitive behaviors of calcium-carbide-derived carbon (CCDC) before and after nitric acid (HNO3) modification are investigated. The structure and morphology of the HNO3-modified CCDC (M-CCDC) are examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The performances of the supercapacitor using M-CCDC as electrode active material are studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cycle life measurements. The results show that the capacitance of the supercapacitor increases from 154.7 to 196.5 F g−1 and the capacitance decay is only 1.3% over 10,000 cycles for the M-CCDC, which exhibits higher capacitive performance than the pristine CCDC electrode in the aqueous electrolyte solution. The superiority of the M-CCDC in capacitance properties is caused by the variations of surface wettability and the interstitial pore structure of CCDC, which results from the introduction of polar oxygen functional groups onto the CCDC surface by HNO3 modification.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Miller JR, Simon P (2008) Science 321:651
Miller JR, Burke AF (2008) Interface 17:44
Simon P, Gogotsi Y (2008) Nat Mater 7:845
Burke A (2007) Electrochim Acta 53:1083
Liu Y, Li KX, Wang JL, Sun GH, Sun CG (2009) J Mater Sci 44:4750. doi:10.1007/s10853-009-3710-6
Gutiérrez MC, Picó F, Rubio F, Amarilla JM, Palomares FJ, Ferrer ML, Monte FD, Rojo JM (2009) Mater J Chem 19:1236
Tiemann M (2008) Chem Mater 20:961
Kim Y-T, Tadai K, Mitani T (2005) J Mater Chem 15:4914
Huang QH, Wang XY, Li J (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:1758
Peng C, Zhang SW, Jewell D, Chen GZ (2008) Prog Nat Sci 18:777
Zhang H, Cao GP, Wang WK, Yuan K, Xu B, Zhang WF, Cheng J, Yang YS (2009) Electrochim Acta 54:1153
Tamai H, Hakoda M, Shiono T, Yasuda H (2007) J Mater Sci 42:1293. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-1059-7
Gogotsi Y, Welz S, Ersoy DA, McNallan MJ (2001) Nature 411:283
Largeot C, Portet C, Chmiola J, Taberna PL, Gogotsi Y, Simon P (2008) J Am Chem Soc 130:2730
Ma R, Liang J, Wei B, Zhang B, Xu C, Wu D (1999) J Power Sources 84:126
Hulicova-Jurcakova D, Puziy AM, Poddubnaya OI, Suárez-García F, Tascón JMD, Lu GQ (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131:5026
Simon P, Burke A (2008) Interface 17:38
Dai CL, Wang XY, Wang Y, Li N, Wei JL (2008) Mater Chem Phys 112:461
Wang YG, Li HQ, Xia YY (2006) Adv Mater 18:2619
Gheybi H, Bagheri M, Alizadeh Z, Entezami AA (2008) Polym Adv Technol 19:967
Béguin F, Ania CO, Khomenko V, Raymundo-Piñero E, Parra JB (2007) Adv Funct Mater 17:1828
Wang K, Wang Y, Wang Y, Hosono E, Zhou H (2009) J Phys Chem C 113:1093
Li J, Wang XY, Huang QH, Dai CL, Gamboa S, Sebastian PJ (2007) J Appl Electrochem 37:1129
Zhang J, Kong LB, Li H, Luo YC, Kang L J Mater Sci. doi:10.1007/s10853-009-4186-0
Taberna PL, Portet C, Simon P (2006) Appl Phys A 82:639
Xue Y, Chen Y, Zhang ML (2008) Mater Lett 62:3884
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20871101), Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province Government (Grant No. 2009WK2007) and Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.20943011100 Research 05).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zheng, L., Wang, Y., Wang, X. et al. The effects of surface modification on the supercapacitive behaviors of carbon derived from calcium carbide. J Mater Sci 45, 6030–6037 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4687-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4687-x