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DEPP functionally graded piezoceramics via micro-fabrication by co-extrusion

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Abstract

This paper introduces the Dual Electro/Piezo Property (DEPP) gradient technique via Micro-Fabrication through Co-eXtrusion (MFCX) which pairs a high displacement lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoceramic with a high permittivity barium titanate (BT) dielectric. By grading with this material combination spatially across an actuator, the electric field is concentrated in the more active region for improved efficiency, higher displacements, and complex motions. To aid in synthesis and analysis of any gradient profile, compositional maps are provided for key material properties (density, stiffness, permittivity, and piezoelectric coefficients). The DEPP technique was validated, independent of the MFCX process, by powder pressing a conventional bimodal gradient beam which demonstrated through experiments high displacement capabilities at lower driving potentials than comparable functionally graded piezoceramic actuators. For more complex gradients, the MFCX process was adapted to the DEPP gradient technique and illustrated by the fabrication of a linearly graded prototype whose monolithic nature and gradual material variation significantly reduces internal stresses, improves reliability, and extends service lifetime.

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Acknowledgements

This research was made possible through a grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant #: CMS 0201031).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, G.G. Brown Bldg., 2350 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2125, USA

    Paul W. Alexander & Diann Brei

  2. Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Michigan, H.H. Dow Bldg., 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2136, USA

    John W. Halloran

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  1. Paul W. Alexander
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  2. Diann Brei
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Correspondence to Diann Brei.

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Alexander, P.W., Brei, D. & Halloran, J.W. DEPP functionally graded piezoceramics via micro-fabrication by co-extrusion. J Mater Sci 42, 5805–5814 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1793-5

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