Abstract
Polymers that form a complex with metal ions from nitrate salts can be used to prepare precursors for the production of high temperature superconductor (HTSC) ceramics that can be processed using advantageous polymer processing techniques and then pyrolyzed. This paper describes the production of HTSC from a precursor based on m-cresol formaldehyde novolak resin (mCFNR) that contains yttrium, barium and copper nitrate salts in the proportions needed for the formation of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO). The degradation of the precursor and the effects of the pyrolysis process (temperature, time, environment, substrate) were studied in detail. The mechanisms of degradation for mCFNR and for the HTSC precursors were significantly different with the precursor degradation beginning at significantly lower temperatures. The optimal pyrolysis begins in an inert atmosphere to hinder BaCO3 formation and then continues in oxygen to 950 °C. A dense orthorhombic YBCO film with preferential [001] orientation results from topotaxial growth on SrTiO3.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bednorz G, Müller KA (1986) Z Phys B64:189
Wu MK, Ashborn JR, Torng CJ, Hor PH, Meng RL, Gao L, Huang ZJ, Wang YQ, Chu CW (1987) Phys Rev Lett 58:908
Chien JCW, Gong BM, Madsen JM, Halock RM (1988) Phys Rev B 38:11853
von Lampe I, Schultze D, Zygalsky F, Silverstein MS (2003) Polym Degrad Stabil 81:57
von Lampe I, Schmalstieg A, Götze S, Muller JP, Zygalsky F, Lorkowski HJ, Matalla M (1997) J Mater Sci Lett 16:16
von Lampe I, Bruckner A, Götze S (1997) Die Angew Makromol Chem 251:157
von Lampe I, Götze S, Zygalsky F (1996) J Low Temp Phys 105:1289
von Lampe I, Waesche M, Krueger RP, Lorkowski HJ (1994) Fresenius' J Anal Chem 349:256
von Lampe I, Schultze D, Zygalsky F (2001) Polym Degrad Stabil 73:87
Silverstein MS, Najary Y, Grader GS, Shter GE (2001) J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42:1023
Silverstein MS, Najary Y, Lumelsky Y, von Lampe I, Grader GS, Shter GE (2004) Polymer 45:937
Naka K, Hagihara K, Tanaka Y, Tachiyama Y, Ohki A, Maeda S (1996) J Mater Sci 31:6389
Naka K, Tachiyama Y, Ohki A, Maeda S (1996) J Polym Sci: Part A: Polym Chem 34:1003
Maeda S, Tsurusaki Y, Tachiyama Y, Naka K, Ohki A, Ohgushi T, Takeshita T (1994) J Polym Sci: Part A: Polym Chem 32:1729
Chien JCW, Gong BM, Mu X, Yang YS (1990) J Polym Sci: Part A: Polym Chem 28:1999
Pomogailo AD, Savost'ynov VS, Dzardimalieva GI, Dubovitskii AV, Ponomaryev AN (1995) Izv Akad Nauk Ser Khim 6:1096
Dubinsky S, Grader GS, Shter GE, Silverstein MS (2004) Polym Degrad Stabil 86:171
Dubinsky S, Lumelsky Y, Grader GS, Shter GE, Silverstein MS (2005) J Polym Sci: Part B: Polym Phys 43:1168
Hoehler A, Guggi D, Neeb H (1989) Appl Phys Lett 54:1066
Naka K, Tanaka Y, Yamasaki K, Ohki A, Chujo Y, Maeda S (2001) Bull Chem Soc Jpn 74:571
Phillips JM (1996) J Appl Phys 79:1829
Chaudhari P, Koch RH, Laibowitz RB, McGuire TR, Gambino RJ (1987) Phys Rev Lett 58:2684
Yee DS, Gambino RJ, Chisholm MF, Cuomo JJ, Madakson P, Karasinski J (1988) AIP Confer Proc 165:132
Lumelsky Y (2004) M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Materials Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
Hummel DO (1998) Atlas of polymer and plastics analysis 2 Part b/I. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, pp 428–433
Costa L, Rossi di Monterela L, Gamino G, Weil ED, Pearce EM (1997) Polym Degrad Stabil 56:23
von Lampe I, Kunze R, Neubert D, Günther W (1995) Polym Degrad Stabil 50:337
Colthup NB, Daly LH (1990) Introduction to infrared and Raman spectroscopy, 3rd edn. Academic Press, New York
Rojas RM, Kovacheva D, Petrov K (1999) Chem Mater 11:3263
Jackson WM, Conley RT (1964) J Appl Polym Sci 8:2163
Cseri T, Bekassy S, Kenessy G, Liptay G, Figueras F (1996) Thermochim Acta 288:137
Taylor TJ, Dollimore D, Gamlen GA (1986) Thermochim Acta 103:333
Zivkovic ZD, Zivkovic DT, Grujicic DB (1998) J Therm Anal Calorim 53:617
Hamdy MI, Hussein Gamal AM (1996) Powder Technol 87:87
Hussein Gamal AM (1994) Thermochim Acta 244:139
Jergel M, Chromik S, Strbik V, Smatko V, Hanic F, Plesch G, Buchta S, Valtyniova S (1992) Supercond Sci Technol 5:225
Cyrot M, Pavuna D (1992) Introduction to superconductivity and high-Tc materials. World Scientific, Singapore, pp 212–213
Singh RK, Kumar D (1998) Mater Sci Eng: R: Rep 22:113
Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Studies (JCPDS) Card 39-0486
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial support of the German-Israeli Foundation and the Technion VPR Fund. The authors gratefully acknowledge A. Siegmann, W. D. Kaplan, G. Shter, G. Grader and I. von Lampe with thanks for their most helpful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lumelsky, Y., Silverstein, M.S. The degradation of novolak containing metal nitrates and the formation of YBCO. J Mater Sci 41, 8202–8210 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0453-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0453-5