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Multi-phase structure and optimal properties of (Ba1-xCax)(Ti0.93Zr0.01Sn0.06)O3 ceramics in the MPB range

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Abstract

(0.93 − x)BT − 0.01BZ − 0.06BS − xCT or (Ba1-xCax)(Ti0.93Zr0.01Sn0.06)O3 (abbreviated as BCZTS) ceramics were produced using the standard solid-state reaction for 0.045 ≤ x ≤ 0.07. For the samples, it was found that orthorhombic (Amm2), rhombohedral (R3m) and tetragonal (P4mm) structures coexisted in two phases as well as three phases with distinct phase fractions. The largest size of crystalline grains was achieved after doping with 0.055 mol% and 0.065 mol% Ca. The optimal properties (Pmax = 12.05 μC/cm2, Pr = 5.61 μC/cm2, Ec = 230 V/mm, d*33 = 404 pm/V, Qc = 6.44 µC/cm2, Tc = 102 °C) were obtained for x = 0.07 where it has been found that orthorhombic, rhombohedral, and tetragonal phases all occurred at the same time. For compositions in the MPB range, the energy storage characteristics indicate high energy storage efficiency for low value of Ca doping. Given all the developments, it is obvious that Ca, Zr and Sn-doped BCZTS ceramics would be a good choice for lead-free electronics.

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The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files. Should any raw data files be needed in another format they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Prof. N. S. Panwar, Head, Department of Instrumentation Engineering-USIC, SOET, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), for providing his valuable guidance and laboratory & analytical facilities.

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  1. Department of Instrumentation Engineering, HNB Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India

    Gambheer Singh Kathait & Vishal Rohilla

  2. Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab, India

    Surita Maini

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Kathait, G.S., Rohilla, V. & Maini, S. Multi-phase structure and optimal properties of (Ba1-xCax)(Ti0.93Zr0.01Sn0.06)O3 ceramics in the MPB range. J Electroceram (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-024-00345-1

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