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Base metal Co-fired (Na,K)NbO3 structures with enhanced piezoelectric performance

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Abstract

A NaF-Nb2O5 flux doped (Na,K)NbO3 (NKN) based lead-free ceramic was successfully co-fired with nickel inner electrodes in reduced atmospheres. No chemical reactions and/or inter-diffusion were detected at the interface between the nickel (Ni) electrodes and the NKN-based piezoelectrics. Dielectric, resistivity, and electromechanical performance were measured with processing under different firing conditions and flux additions to obtain high densities. Ceramics are obtained with submicron grain structures with the NaF-Nb2O5 sintering aids (2 and 4 wt%) fluxes, and high densities when firing at low pO2 (10−10 atms) atmospheres at sintering temperatures ~1150 °C for 2 hours. High resistivities and low losses can be obtained through a second annealing condition at 850 °C and 10−7 atms at 8 hours. High d 33 values (over 350 pm/V) determined under unipolar converse electromechanical measurements were obtained in the simple prototyped co-fired structures to show feasibility towards base metal electrodes in multilayer actuators.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge technical assistance from Jeff Long, Steven Perini, and Amanda Baker at The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State). Cheng Liu also wishes to thank China Scholarship Council (CSC) for providing the opportunity to study as a visiting scientist at Penn State. Clive Randall also wishes to thank the Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics (CDP) for support of the experimental costs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710062, People’s Republic of China

    Cheng Liu & Peng Liu

  2. Center for Dielectric Studies, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Cheng Liu, Keisuke Kobayashi & Clive A. Randall

  3. Materials R&D Department, R&D Laboratory, Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd., 5607-2Nakamuroda, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-3347, Japan

    Keisuke Kobayashi

Authors
  1. Cheng Liu
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  2. Peng Liu
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  3. Keisuke Kobayashi
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Correspondence to Clive A. Randall.

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Liu, C., Liu, P., Kobayashi, K. et al. Base metal Co-fired (Na,K)NbO3 structures with enhanced piezoelectric performance. J Electroceram 32, 301–306 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-014-9899-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-014-9899-z

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