The directions of the phase normals for which extraordinary bright screened solitons can be formed are described analytically. Formulas are derived for the directions in which extraordinary solitons can exist in lithium niobate for arbitrary orientations of the external electric field.
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Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 403–410, May–June, 2009.
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Kochetkov, S.M., Barkovsky, L.M. Extraordinary solitons in non-centrally symmetric photorefractive crystals. J Appl Spectrosc 76, 377–385 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-009-9183-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-009-9183-1