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Adaptive responses and arsenic transformation potential of diazotrophic Cyanobacteria isolated from rice fields of arsenic affected Bengal Delta Plain

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Abstract

In the Bengal Delta Plains (BDP) of South Asia, there is an increased report of bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) in rice grains and plants which can ultimately result in health hazards in human population consuming rice as a primary staple food. Five abundant cyanobacteria were isolated from the rice fields of BDP and maintained in vitro. The characterized isolates resembled Leptolyngbya sp. (isolate LBK), Nostoc spp. (isolates NOC and NOK) and Westiellopsis spp. (isolates WEC and WEK) based on polyphasic taxonomy. All the five isolates were assessed for biotransformation potential of As vis-à-vis adaptability and survivality under different levels of arsenite compared to control set of experiments. Adaptive changes of cyanobacterial photosynthetic pigments in terms of autofluorescence emission along with nitrogenase activity and exopolysaccharide production were measured for all isolates. The inorganic As absorption in terms of bioconcentration factor (BCF) in dry biomass was found to be highest in NOC (0.201–0.220), followed by NOK (0.147–0.150), WEK (0.071–0.074), WEC (0.051) and LBK (0.014) when exposed in presence of higher (200–400 μM) to lower (100 μM) arsenite concentrations respectively for 7 days. The transformation of arsenite to relatively less toxic arsenate was detected in varying efficiency in all the studied isolates. When treated with 100–400 μM arsenite, 9.58–78.4 % arsenate was detected in growth medium whereas 33–100 % in dry biomass of cyanobacterial isolates. The cyanobacterial isolates of this study could be potentially applied to reduce bioavailability of As in rice fields of South Asia based on further field trials, thereby ultimately rendering rice grains safe for human consumption.

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Acknowledgments

Manojit Debnath from PostGraduate Department of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, thankfully acknowledges IISER Kolkata for the provision of IISERK Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out this research. The FESEM and CLSM as part of Central Imaging Facility of IISERK are acknowledged. This work is supported by FIRE grant of IISERK awarded to Punyasloke Bhadury.

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Author notes

  1. Manojit Debnath

    Present address: Systematics and Applied Phycology Laboratory, PostGraduate Department of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, 712101, West Bengal, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India

    Manojit Debnath & Punyasloke Bhadury

Authors
  1. Manojit Debnath
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  2. Punyasloke Bhadury
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Punyasloke Bhadury.

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Table S1

Blastn result of 16S rRNA sequences representing the five cyanobacterial isolates compared with published sequences of cultured cyanobacteria available in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ databases (DOCX 19.9 kb)

Fig. S1

Arsenic speciation of five cyanobacterial isolates exposed at NOEC in vitro evaluated in biomass and respective growth medium (n=3) (PDF 106 kb)

Fig. S2

Arsenic speciation of five cyanobacterial isolates exposed at SEC50 in vitro evaluated in biomass and respective growth medium (n=3) (PDF 106 kb)

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Debnath, M., Bhadury, P. Adaptive responses and arsenic transformation potential of diazotrophic Cyanobacteria isolated from rice fields of arsenic affected Bengal Delta Plain. J Appl Phycol 28, 2777–2792 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0820-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0820-9

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