Abstract
This research is the first to test the relation between postformal complex thought (PFT) and death acceptance. College students (N = 225) completed the PFT questionnaire (Cartwright et al., J Adult Dev, 2009), the Need for Cognition scale (Cacioppo et al., J Personality Assess 48:3, 1984), and Klug’s Death Acceptance Scale, comprised of death integration and confrontation scales (Klug and Sinha, Omega 18:229–235, 1987). A series of hierarchical regression analyses showed PFT made a significant contribution to death acceptance over the contributions of other cognitive and demographic variables, as predicted. Further, PFT made a significant contribution to death integration but not to death confrontation. These results are consistent with contemporary theories of adult cognitive development and PFT.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57(12), 1060–1073.
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. B. G. (1996). Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: The life and times of individuals varying in need for cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 197–253.
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 3.
Cartwright, K. (2001). Cognitive developmental theory and spiritual development. Journal of Adult Development, 8(4), 213–220.
Cartwright, K. B., Galupo, M. P., Tyree, S. D., & Jennings, J. G. (2009). Reliability and validity of the complex postformal thought questionnaire: Assessing adults’ cognitive development. Journal of Adult Development. doi:10.1007/s10804-009-9055-1.
Dalby, P. (2006). Is there a process of spiritual change or development associated with ageing? A critical review of research. Ageing & Mental Health, 10(1), 4–12.
Elkind, D. (1996). Inhelder and Piaget on adolescence and adulthood: A postmodern appraisal. Psychological Science, 7(4), 216–220.
Fleck, J. R., Ballard, S. N., & Reilly, J. W. (1975). The development of religious concepts and maturity: A three stage model. Journal of Psychology & Theology, 3, 156–163.
Fowler, J. W. (1981). Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. New York: Harper Collins.
Klug, L., & Boss, M. (1976). Factorial structures of the death concern scale. Psychological Reports, 38, 107–112.
Klug, L., & Sinha, A. (1987–1988). Death acceptance: A two-component formulation and scale. Omega, 18(3), 229–235.
Labouvie-Vief, G. (1990). Modes of knowledge and the organization of development. In M. L. Commons, C. Armon, L. Kohlberg, F. A. Richards, T. A. Grotzer, & J. D. Sinnott (Eds.), Adult development, Volume 2: Models and methods in the study of adolescent and adult thought (Vol. 3, pp. 43–62). New York: Praeger.
Labouvie-Vief, G. (1992). A neo-Piagetian perspective on adult cognitive development. In R. J. Sternberg & C. A. Berg (Eds.), Intellectual development. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Le, T. (2008). Age differences in spirituality, mystical experiences and wisdom. Ageing & Society, 28, 383–411.
Mitchell, C. E. (1988). Paralleling cognitive and moral development with spiritual development and denominational choice. Psychology, a Journal of Human Behavior, 25, 1–9.
Naroll, R. (1983). The moral order: An introduction to the human situation. London: Sage.
Ray, J. J., & Najman, J. (1974). Death anxiety and death acceptance: A preliminary approach. Omega, 5(4), 311–315.
Schumaker, J. F., Warren, W. G., & Groth-Marnat, G. (1991). Death anxiety in Japan and Australia. Journal of Social Psychology, 131(4), 511–518.
Sinnott, J. D. (1998). The development of logic in adulthood: Postformal thought and its applications. New York: Plenum Press.
Templer, D. I. (1970). The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. Journal of General Psychology, 82, 165–177.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jennings, J.G., Galupo, M.P. & Cartwright, K.B. The Role of Postformal Cognitive Development in Death Acceptance. J Adult Dev 16, 166–172 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-009-9060-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-009-9060-4