Abstract
There is growing support for the dual-continua model of mental health, which emphasizes psychopathology and well-being as related but distinct dimensions. Yet, little is known about how these dimensions co-develop from childhood to early adolescence and what factors predict their different trajectories. The current study aimed to identify distinct patterns of mental health in Chinese early adolescents, focusing on both psychopathological symptoms (i.e., depressive symptoms and self-harm behaviors) and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction and affect balance). This study also examined the contributions of school climate and future orientation to these trajectories. A total of 1,057 students (Mage = 11.88, SDage = 1.67; 62.1% boys) completed four assessments over two years, with six-month intervals. Using parallel-process latent class growth modeling, we identified four groups: Flourishing (32.5%), Languishing (43.8%), Troubled with Stable Depressive Symptoms (16.1%), and Troubled with Increasing Self-Harm Risk (7.6%). Furthermore, school climate and future orientation contributed to adolescents’ membership in these trajectories, either independently or jointly. Specifically, higher levels of future orientation combined with higher school climate were associated with a lower likelihood of belonging to the Troubled with Increasing Self-Harm Risk trajectory, compared to the Flourishing group. Our findings identified four distinct mental health trajectories consistent with the dual-continua model, and demonstrated that the development of psychopathology and well-being were not always inversely related (e.g., the Languishing group). Adolescents with unique developmental profiles may benefit from tailored intervention strategies that build on the personal and environmental assets of the adolescent.
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Data Availability
The datasets analyzed in the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Q.G. participated in conceptualizing the study, conducting statistical analyses, and drafting the manuscript; L.N. participated in the interpretation of the data and provided critical reviews of the manuscript; W.W. participated in data collection and contributed to the production of the draft manuscript; S.Z. provided critical reviews of the manuscript; J.X. participated in data collection and interpreted the results; D.L. participated in the design and coordination of the study, provided critical reviews of the manuscript, and contributed to funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071076) and the project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities (2022JDZS001).
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Gao, Q., Niu, L., Wang, W. et al. Developmental Trajectories of Mental Health in Chinese Early Adolescents: School Climate and Future Orientation as Predictors. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-024-01195-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-024-01195-9