Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Role of Family Routines in the Intergenerational Transmission of Depressive Symptoms between Parents and their Adolescent Children

  • Published:
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Whereas previous research on environmental factors implicated in the intergenerational transmission of depression has tended to focus on the role of parenting quality (e.g., harshness), the current study sought to assess whether structural aspects of families may contribute to depression-relevant affective and immune processes in youths. Specifically, the present study examined the role of family routines in linking parental depressive symptoms to youth emotion regulation, a depression-relevant marker of low-grade inflammation, and depressive symptoms in youths. 261 parent-adolescent dyads reported on their own depressive symptoms, family routines, and youths’ emotion regulation abilities. In addition, peripheral blood was drawn from youths to assess levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Path analyses provided support for a model in which parental depressive symptoms related to fewer family routines, which in turn were associated with higher IL-6 and depressive symptoms in youths as well as marginally associated with worse youth emotion regulation. Moreover, family routines were found to statistically account for part of the association between parent- and youth- depressive symptoms. Together, these results suggest that family routines may represent an additional facet of the family environment that can potentially contribute to the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10, 77–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angold, A., & Costella, E. J. (1993). Depressive comorbidity in children and adolescents: empirical, theoretical, and methodological issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1779–1791.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, M. J., Buehler, C., & Gerard, J. M. (2008). Interparental hostility and early adolescent problem behavior: spillover via maternal acceptance, harshness, inconsistency, and intrusiveness. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 28, 428–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, P. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, P., & Bonett, D. (1980). Significance tests and goodness- of-fit in analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berking, M., Orth, U., Wupperman, P., Meier, L. L., & Caspar, F. (2008). Prospective effects of emotion-regulation skills on emotional adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 485–494.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Betts, J., Gullone, E., & Allen, J. S. (2010). An examination of emotion regulation, temperament, and parenting style as potential predictors of adolescent depression risk status: a correlational study. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27, 473–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Ryan, N. D., Williamson, D. E., Brent, D. A., Kaufman, J. A., Dahl, R. E., et al. (1996). Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1427–1439.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Ryan, N. D., Williamson, D. E., Brent, D. A., & Kaufman, J. A. (2005). Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years, part II. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1575–1583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorgvinsson, T., Kertz, S. J., Bigda-Peyton, J. S., McCoy, K. L., & Aderka, I. M. (2013). Psychometric properties of the CES-D-10 in a psychiatric sample. Assessment, 20, 429–436.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, W. T., Jensen, E. W., & James, S. A. (1983). The family routines inventory: theoretical origins. Social Science & Medicine, 17, 193–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, K. L., McGrath, P. J., Brannen, C. L., & Bagnell, A. L. (2010). Adolescents’ attitudes and opinions about depression treatment. Community Mental Health Journal, 46, 242–251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, G. H., & Flor, D. L. (1997). Maternal psychological functioning, family processes, and child adjustment in rural, single-parent, African American families. Developmental Psychology, 33, 1000–1011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternate ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21, 230–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, T. O. (2008). Comorbid depression in rheumatoid arthritis: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Current Psychiatry Reports, 10, 258–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, K. C., Burke Jr., J. D., Rae, D. S., & Regier, D. A. (1991). Comparing age at onset of major depression and other psychiatric disorers by birth cohorts in five US community populations. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 789–795.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calkins, S. D. (1994). Origins and outcomes of individual differences in emotion regulation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 53–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cicchetti, D., Wollman, E., Vitkovic, L., & Yirmiya, R. (1999). Cytokines and depression: fortuitous or causative association? Molecular Psychiatry, 4, 1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & Herbert, T. (1996). Health psychology: psychological factors and physical disease from the perspective of human psychoneuroimmunology. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 113–142.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, P. M., Luby, J., & Sullivan, M. W. (2008). Emotions and the development of childhood depression: bridging the gap. Child Development Perspectives, 2, 141–148.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, A. M., & Dishion, T. J. (2008). Reducing depression among at-risk early adolescents: three-year effects of a family-centered intervention embedded within schools. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 574–585.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Costello, E. J., Pine, D. S., Hammen, C., March, J. S., Plotsky, P. M., Weissman, M. M., et al. (2002). Development and natural history of mood disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 529–542.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011). The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 1562–1592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010). A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 446–457.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberger, N. I., Inagaki, T. K., Mashal, N. M., & Irwin, M. R. (2010). Inflammation and social experience: an inflammatory challenge induces feelings of social disconnection in addition to depressed mood. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 24, 558–563.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, S. (1979). The stability of behavior: on predicting most of the people much of the time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1097–1126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, X., Pristach, C., Liu, E. Y., Freudenreich, O., Henderson, D. C., & Goff, D. C. (2007). Elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein are associated with more severe psychopathology in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 149, 267–271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felger, J. C., & Lotrich, F. E. (2013). Inflammatory cytokines in depression: neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Neuroscience, 246, 199–229.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A., Edwards, V. J., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245–258.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Festa, A., D’Agostino, R., Williams, K., Karter, A. J., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Tracy, R. P., & Haffner, S. M. (2001). The relation of body fat mass and distribution to markers of chronic inflammation. International Journal of Obesity, 25, 1407–1415.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T. (1996). Attachment and separation in young children. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiese, B. H., & Kline, C. A. (1993). Development of the family ritual questionnaire: initial reliability and validation studies. Journal of Family Psychology, 6, 290–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, L. R., Wei, F., Solberg, L. I., & Rush, W. A. (2003). Treatment of elderly and other adult patients for depression in primary care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 1554–1562.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, D. E., & Erlinger, T. P. (2004). Depression and c-reactive protein in US adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164, 1010–1014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, N. A., & Calkins, S. D. (2003). The development of self-control of emotion: intrinsic and extrinsic influences. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 7–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabbay, V., Klein, R. G., Alonso, C. M., Babb, J. S., Nishawala, M., De Jesus, G., et al. (2009). Immune system dysregulation in adolescent major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 115, 177–182.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galaif, E. R., Sussman, S., Newcomb, M., & Locke, T. F. (2007). Suicidality, depression, and alcohol use among adolescents: A review of empirical findings. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 19, 27–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, F. E. M. (1989). Inconsistent parenting: is there evidence for a link with children’s conduct problems? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 223–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ge, X., Conger, R. D., Lorenz, F. O., & Simmons, R. L. (1994). Parents’ stressful life events and adolescent depressed mood. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 28–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gimeno, D., Kivimäki, M., Brunner, E. J., Elovainio, M., De Vogli, R., Steptoe, A., et al. (2008). Associations of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cognitive symptoms of depression: 12-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. Psychological Medicine, 39, 413.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. (1999). Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: a developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychological Review, 106, 458–490.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 1–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goyal, D., Gay, C. L., & Lee, K. A. (2007). Patterns of sleep disruption and depressive symptoms in new mothers. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 21, 123–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2006). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (Vol. 3, p. 24). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halligan, S. L., Murray, L., Martins, C., & Cooper, P. J. (2007). Maternal depression and psychiatric outcomes in adolescent offspring: a 13-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 97, 145–154.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammen, C., & Brennan, P. (2003). Severity, chronicity, and timing of maternal depression and risk for adolescent offspring diagnoses in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 253–248.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammen, C., Shih, J. H., & Brennan, P. A. (2004). Intergenerational transmission of depression: test of an interpersonal stress model in a community sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 511–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heikkilä, K., Harris, R., Lowe, G., Rumley, A., Yarnell, J., Gallacher, J., et al. (2008). Associations of circulating C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cancer risk: findings from two prospective cohorts and a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes & Control, 20, 15–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herbert, T. B., & Cohen, S. (1993). Depression and immunity: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 472–486.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Zulet, M. Á., Puchau, B., & Martínez, J. A. (2010). Central adiposity rather than total adiposity measurements are specifically involved in the inflammatory status from healthy young adults. Inflammation, 34, 161–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howe, G. (2003). Next-generation trials for the prevention of depression: lessons from longitudinal epidemiology and developmental psychopathology. Prevention & Treatment, 6, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howren, M. B., Lamkin, D. M., & Suls, J. (2009). Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 171–186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, E. W., James, S. A., Boyce, W. T., & Hartnett, S. A. (1983). The family routines inventory: development and validation. Social Science & Medicine, 4, 201–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 281–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katon, W., Lozano, P., Russo, J., McCauley, E., Richardson, L., & Bush, T. (2007). The prevalence of DSM-IV anxiety and depressive disorders in youth with asthma compared with controls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 455–463.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (2002). Depression and immune function: central pathways to morbidity and mortality. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 873–876.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiecolt-Glaser, J., McGuire, L., Robles, T. F., & Glaser, R. (2002). Emotions, morbidity, and mortality: new perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 83–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M., Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008). Emotion (dys) regulation and links to depressive disorders. Child Development Perspectives, 2, 149–155.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lahey, B., van Hulle, C., Singh, A., Waldman, I., & Rathouz, P. (2011). Higher-order genetic and enviornment structure of prevalent forms of child and adolescent psychopathy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., & Fischer, S. A. (1993). Age-cohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 110–120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., Klein, D. N., & Gotlib, I. H. (2000). Natural course of adolescent major depressive disorder in a community sample: predictors of recurrence in young adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1584–1591.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J., Wood, B. L., & Miller, B. D. (2008). Maternal depression and parenting in relation to child internalizing symptoms and asthma disease activity. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 264–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Ho, R. C.-M., & Mak, A. (2012). Interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) are elevated in patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139, 230–239.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O’Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 561–592.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maes, M., Meltzer, H. Y., Bosmans, E., Bergmans, R., Vandoolaeghe, E., Ranjan, R., & Desnyder, R. (1995). Increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, soluable interleukin-6, soluable interleukin-2, and transferrin receptor in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 34, 301–309.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, S., Jacka, F. N., Williams, L. J., Dodd, S., & Berk, M. (2005). The relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 9, 157–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, B. D., Weisz, J. R., & Wood, J. J. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood depression: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 986–1003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2010). Harsh family climate in early life presages the emergence of a proinflammatory phenotype in adolescence. Psychological Science, 21, 848–856.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G. E., & Cole, S. W. (2012). Clustering of depression and inflammation in adolescents previously exposed to childhood adversity. Biological Psychiatry, 72, 34–40.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Parker, K. J. (2011). Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 959–997.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miniño, A. (2010). Mortality among teenagers aged 12–19 years: United States, 1996–2006 (No. 37) (pp. 1–8). Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief.

  • Mojtabai, R., & Olfson, M. (1999). Major depression in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: prevalence and 2- and 4-year follow-up symptoms. Psychological Medicine, 34, 623–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Muthén, L. K.., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Mplus User's Guide (Sixth Edition). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

  • Pizzagalli, D. A. (2014). Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 393–423.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Prentice, D. A., & Miller, D. T. (1992). When small effects are impressive. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 160–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2011). Is depression an inflammatory disorder? Current Psychiatry Reports, 13, 467–475.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Raison, C. L., Capuron, L., & Miller, A. H. (2006). Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends in Immunology, 27, 24–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rapaport, M. H., & Judd, L. L. (1998). Minor depressive disorder and subsyndromal depressive symptoms: functional impairment and response to treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 48, 227–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. (2002). Risky families: family social environments and mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 330–366.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Repetti, R. L., Robles, T. F., & Reynolds, B. (2011). Allostatic processes in the family. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 921–938.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ridker, P. M., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., & Rifai, N. (2000). C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. The New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 836–843.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Seeley, J. R. (1991). Comorbidity of unipolar depression: II. Comorbidity with other mental disorders in adolescents and adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 214–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, L. T., & Hill, E. M. (2002). Childhood unpredictability, schemas for unpredictability, and risk taking. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 30, 453–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sapolsky, R. M. (1994). Individual differences and the stress response. Seminars in Neuroscience, 6, 261–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8, 23–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreier, H., & Chen, E. (2010). Longitudinal relationships between family routines and biological profiles among youth with asthma. Health Psychology, 29, 82–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schreier, H., Roy, L., Frimer, L., & Chen, E. (2014). Family chaos and adolescent inflammatory profiles: the moderating role of socioeconomic status. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76, 460–467.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Segerstrom, S. C., & Miller, G. E. (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 601–630.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sesso, H. D., Wang, L., Buring, J. E., Ridker, P. M., & Gaziano, J. M. (2007). Comparison of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein for the risk of developing hypertension in women. Hypertension, 49, 304–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shields, A. M., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Emotion regulation among school-age children: the development and validation of a new criterion Q-sort scale. Developmental Psychology, 33, 906–916.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silberg, J. L., Maes, H., & Eaves, L. J. (2010). Genetic and environmental influences on the transmission of parental depression to children’s depression and conduct disturbance: an extended children of twins study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 734–744.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents’ emotion regulation in daily life: links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74, 1869–1880.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. L., D’Onofrio, B. M., Slutske, W. S., Turkheimer, E., Emery, R. E., Harden, K. P., et al. (2010). Parental depression and offspring psychopathology: a children of twins study. Psychological Medicine, 41, 1385–1395.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Suarez, E., Krishan, R. R., & Lewis, J. G. (2003). The relation of severity of depressive symptoms to monocyte-associated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in apparently healthy men. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 362–368.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, P., Neale, M., & Kendler, K. (2000). Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1552–1562.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sytsma, S. E., Kelley, M. L., & Wymer, J. H. (2001). Development and initial validation of the child routines inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 241–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tetrick, L. E., & LaRocco, J. M. (1987). Understanding, prediction, and control as moderators of the relationships between perceived stress, satisfaction, and psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 538–543.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. A. (2013). Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 25–52.

  • Thompson, R. J., Mata, J., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012). The everyday emotional experience of adults with major depressive disorder: examining emotional instability, inertia, and reactivity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 819–829.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tiggemann, M., & Winefield, A. H. (1987). Predictability and timing of self-report in learned helplessness experiments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 253–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tully, E. C., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2008). An adoption study of parental depression as an environmental liability for adolescent depression and childhood disruptive disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 1148–1154.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Valdez, C. R., Mills, C. L., Barrueco, S., Leis, J., & Riley, A. W. (2010). A pilot study of a family-focused intervention for children and families affected by maternal depression. Journal of Family Therapy, 33, 3–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentiner, D. P., & Holahan, C. J. (1994). Social support, appraisals of event controllability, and coping: an integrative model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 1094–1102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M. M., Wolk, S., Goldstein, R. B., Moreau, D., Adams, P., Greenwald, S., et al. (1999). Depressed adolescents grown up. Journal of the American Medical Academy, 281, 1707–1713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiberg, M., & Sundström, A. (2009). A comparison of two approaches to correction of restriction of range in correlation analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, & Evaluation, 14, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Support for this research was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant 97872, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant R01 HL108723, National Institute on Drug Abuse grant P30 DA027827 and National Institute of Mental Health grant F31 MH105092.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Erika M. Manczak & Deanna Williams

  2. Department of Psychology and the Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Edith Chen

Authors
  1. Erika M. Manczak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Deanna Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Edith Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erika M. Manczak.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Statement on the Welfare of Animals

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Manczak, E.M., Williams, D. & Chen, E. The Role of Family Routines in the Intergenerational Transmission of Depressive Symptoms between Parents and their Adolescent Children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45, 643–656 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0187-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0187-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation