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Powering up and cleaning up: NiS:Cu2S:Nd2S3 thin film as a supercapacitor electrode and photocatalyst

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Abstract

The current research describes the successful fabrication and characterization of ternary metal sulphide thin film, NiS:Cu2S:Nd2S3, by physical vapour deposition with diethyldithiocarbamate as the sulphur source. Various analytical approaches were used to evaluate the synthetic material’s crystallographic, morphological, and optical properties. The ternary metal sulphide thin films possessed a crystallite size of 33.5 nm, whilst SEM imaging revealed the presence of geometrical form with tiny clustered bodies. Furthermore, XPS examination showed the existence of Nd 4d, Cu 2p, Ni 2p, and S 2p core-level peaks in the ternary metal sulphide thin films. The current study revealed that the synthesized material had a band gap energy of 3.5 eV. The material’s electrochemical properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, which revealed good supercapacitance performance with a specific capacitance of 412 Fg−1. The cycle stability of the nanoparticle thin films was also found to be good, highlighting its potential as an energy storage medium. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized material was investigated, especially its capacity to breakdown a variety of contaminants such as malachite green dye, fluopyram, and phenol with a highest degradation rate constant 1.6 × 10−2 min−1. These findings provide compelling evidence of the potential of ternary metal sulphide thin films for a wide range of technological applications, including but not limited to energy storage and photocatalysis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan for providing the technical and financial facilities needed for completion of this work. The authors also acknowledge the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, UK. The authors highly acknowledge Xuzhao Liu, PhD student, The University of Manchester, UK, for his tremendous help and assistance during the research. We are highly thankful to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for providing financial support for this research under NRPU project No. 15782.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials science and Environmental Chemistry Lab, Lab E-21, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan

    Mahwash Mahar Gul & Khuram Shahzad Ahmad

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Majmaah University, 11952, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia

    Laila Almanqur

  3. Department of Materials, Photon Science Institute, Sir Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK

    Andrew Guy Thomas

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Almakhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia

    Suliman A. Alderhami

  5. Department of General Studies, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Yanbu Industrial College, P.O. Box: 30436, Yanbu City, Saudi Arabia

    Yasser T Alharbi

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  1. Mahwash Mahar Gul
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Contributions

MMG designed and performed the experiments, analysed results, prepared graphs, and wrote the manuscript. KSA supervised the research, designed the experiments, analysed the results, and helped in paper writing and review. LA helped in analysing results and paper review. AGT supervised the research and helped in manuscript review. SAA helped in analysing results and paper review. YTA helped in analysing results and paper review.

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Correspondence to Khuram Shahzad Ahmad.

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Gul, M.M., Ahmad, K.S., Almanqur, L. et al. Powering up and cleaning up: NiS:Cu2S:Nd2S3 thin film as a supercapacitor electrode and photocatalyst. J Appl Electrochem 54, 257–273 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-023-01969-x

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