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Effect of Al doping on electrochemical performance of NaTi2(PO4)3/C anode for aqueous sodium ion battery

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Abstract

The Na1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3/C (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20) composites serving as anode for aqueous sodium ion battery are successfully synthesized through a facile sol–gel route. The results indicate that introduction of proper amount of aluminum has no obvious effect on the structure and morphology of NaTi2(PO4)3/C. Among the four synthesized samples, Na1.1Al0.1Ti1.9(PO4)3/C (NATP-0.10) exhibits the best electrochemical performance. NATP-0.10 delivers a discharge specific capacity of 115.8, 106.9, 98.4, and 89.1 mAh g−1 at 2, 5, 10, and 20 C rate, respectively, and still retains 114.7 mAh g−1 when the current density comes back to 2 C. Additionally, NATP-0.10 exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 102.9 mAh g−1 and still retains a reversible capacity of 90.1 mAh g−1 at 10 C rate after 200 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate the better electrochemical performance of NATP-0.10 is due to the faster sodium migration and enhanced electrochemical kinetics.

Graphical abstract

Al doping Na1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3/C (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20) composites were firstly used as anodes in aqueous SIBs. The electrochemical performance of NaTi2(PO4)3/C has been improved by introducing a proper amount of Al.

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Acknowledgments

The project was financially supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China (No. 2019A1515110825).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People’s Republic of China

    Jiangtao Wu & Shenglong Zhu

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, People’s Republic of China

    Jiangtao Wu

  3. Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China

    Lingxu Yang, Huijun Liu, Huanpeng Bu, Wenjun Wang & Chaoliu Zeng

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  1. Jiangtao Wu
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  2. Lingxu Yang
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Correspondence to Wenjun Wang or Chaoliu Zeng.

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Wu, J., Yang, L., Liu, H. et al. Effect of Al doping on electrochemical performance of NaTi2(PO4)3/C anode for aqueous sodium ion battery. J Appl Electrochem 52, 1563–1572 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-022-01726-6

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