Abstract
We report the formation of self-organized Ti–Al–Zr alloy oxide nanotube arrays at different fluoride concentrations in formamide and glycerol electrolytes. The nanotube morphology is strongly influenced by the fluoride concentration, applied potential and reaction time. Titanium alloy (Ti–Al–Zr) oxide nanotube arrays with a length of about 6.13 μm, a pore diameter of 116 nm and wall thickness of 55 nm were prepared at 50 V for 24 h in formamide and glycerol mixtures (volume ratio 1:1) with addition of 1.0 wt% NH4F. The as-prepared nanotubes were amorphous and alloy oxide crystals appeared after annealing in air at 400 and 600 °C for 3 h.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10800-008-9543-1/MediaObjects/10800_2008_9543_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10800-008-9543-1/MediaObjects/10800_2008_9543_Fig2_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10800-008-9543-1/MediaObjects/10800_2008_9543_Fig3_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10800-008-9543-1/MediaObjects/10800_2008_9543_Fig4_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10800-008-9543-1/MediaObjects/10800_2008_9543_Fig5_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10800-008-9543-1/MediaObjects/10800_2008_9543_Fig6_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Macak JM, Tsuchiya H, Ghicov A et al (2005) Electrochem Commun 7:1133
Mor GK, Varghese OK, Paulose M et al (2006) Sol Energ Mater Sol Cells 90:2011
Balaur E, Macak JM, Taveira L et al (2005) Electrochem Commun 7:1066
Zhao J, Wang X, Sun T et al (2007) J Alloys Compd 434–435:792
Ruan C, Paulose M, Varghese OK et al (2006) Sol Energ Mater Sol Cells 90:1283
Turkevych I, Pihosh Y, Goto M et al (2007) Photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide sputtered on a nanostructured substrate. Thin Solid Films (in press). doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.04.083
Paulose M, Mor GK, Varghese OK et al (2006) J Photochem Photobiol A 178:8
Kasuga T (2006) Thin Solid Films 496:141
Oh S, Finones RR, Daraio C, Chen L et al (2005) Biomaterials 26:4938
Tsuchiya H, Macak JM, Muller L et al (2006) J Biomed Mater Res A 77:534
Xiao X, Tian T, Liu R et al (2007) Mater Chem Phys 106:27
Oh S, Jin S (2006) Mater Sci Eng C 26:1301
Zhou Q, Ding Y, Xiao J et al (2007) J Chromatogr A 1147:10
Shankar K, Mor GK, Prakasam HE et al (2007) Highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays up to 220 μm in length: use in waterphotoelectrolysis and dye-sensitized solarcells. Nanotechnology. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/6/065707
Eder D, Motta MS, Kinloch IA et al (2007) Physica E 37:245
Macak JM, Schmidt-Stein F, Schmuki P (2007) Electrochem Commun 9:1783
Wang M, Guo D, Li H (2005) J Solid State Chem 178:1996
Tsuchiya H, Berger S, Macak JM et al (2007) Electrochem Commun 9:2398
Yasuda K, Schmuki P (2007) Adv Mater 19:1757
Yasuda K, Schmuki P (2007) Electrochem Commun 9:615
Mohapatra SK, Raja KS, Misra M et al (2007) Electrochim Acta 53:590
Macak JM, Tsuchiya H, Taveira L et al (2005) J Biomed Mater Res 75A:928
Ghicov A, Schmuki P (2006) Angew Chem Int Ed 45:6993
Liu X, Lu G, Yan Z (2005) Appl Catal A Gen 279:241
Yamamoto N, Sato S, Takahashi R et al (2006) J Mol Catal A: Chem 243:52
Parizotto NV, Rocha KO, Damyanova S et al (2007) Appl Catal A Gen 330:12
Macak JM, Schmuki P (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:1258
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (07JCYBJC03300) and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (E2007000044).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, R., Zhao, J., Tao, J. et al. Fabrication of Ti–Al–Zr alloy oxide nanotube arrays in organic electrolytes by anodization. J Appl Electrochem 38, 1229–1232 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-008-9543-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-008-9543-1