Abstract
In the United States and many other countries there is a growing emphasis on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education that is expanding the number of both in-school and out-of-school instructional programs targeting important STEM outcomes. As instructional leaders increasingly train teachers and facilitators to undertake new STEM focused programs, it will become especially important for these leaders to understand the concept of program fidelity, which seeks to examine the alignment between how a program is designed to be implemented and how that program is actually implemented in the field. This article discusses an exploratory study examining program fidelity within the geospatial and robotics technologies for the twenty-first century (GEAR-Tech-21) project, which is an out-of-school program teaching educational robotics and geospatial-related STEM concepts, across more than 20 different states, as funded by the National Science Foundation. The study results identified relationships related to program fidelity that were identifiable across various instructional modules, and associated with specific training and content characteristics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barker, B., & Ansorge, J. (2007). Robotics as means to increase achievement scores in an informal learning environment. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39(3), 229–243.
Bredin, S., Parker, C., Peterson, K., Goddard, K., Rivenburgh, W., & Streit, T. (2010). Defining an after school research agenda. Newton, MA: EDU. Retrieved April 13, 2011 from http://afterschoolconvening.itestlrc.edc.org/sites/afterschoolconvening.itestlrc.edc.org/files/TESTAfterschoolConvening-Report-FINAL.pdf.
Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., & Melton, M. (2011). STEM. Available from Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce website: http://cew.georgetown.edu/STEM.
Century, J., Rudnick, M., & Freeman, C. (2010). A framework for measuring fidelity of implementation: A foundation for shared language and accumulation of knowledge. American Journal of Evaluation, 31(2), 199–218.
Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design; choosing among five traditions. London, New Delhi, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Durlak, J. (1998). Why program implementation is important. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 17(2), 5–18.
Eguchi, A. (2012). Educational robotics theories and practice. In B. Barker, G. Nugent, N. Grandgenett, & V. Adamchuk (Eds.), Robots in K-12 education: A new technology for learning (pp. 1–30). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Hoachlander, G., & Yanofsky, D. (2011). Making STEM real. Educational Leadership, 68(6), 60–65.
Hussar, K., Schwartz, S., Bioselle, E., & Noam, G. (2008). Toward a systematic evidence-base for science in out-of-school time. Retrieved April 13, 2011 from http://www.pearweb.org/research/pdfs/Assessment%20of%20Science%20in%20OST.pdf.
International Society for Technology in Education. (2007). In O. Eugene (Ed.), National educational technology standards for students. SITE.
Jukes, I., & Dosaj, A. (2004). Understanding digital kids: Teaching and learning in the new digital landscape. Kelowna, British Columbia: InfoSavvy Group.
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Lord, M. (2010). Flourishing clubs stress the E in STEM. Prism, 19(8), 45–47.
Mourshed, M., Chijioke, C., & Barber, M. (2010). How the world’s most improved school systems keep getting better. Available from McKinsey & Company website: http://www.mckinsey.com/Client_Service/Social_Sector/Latest_thinking/Worlds_most_improved_schools.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: Author.
National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
National Research Council. (2009). Learning science in informal environments: People, places, and pursuits. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
National Research Council. (2010). Rising above the gathering storm, revisited: Rapidly approaching category 5. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
National Research Council. (2011). Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards. (2011). A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: National Academies.
National Science Board. (2009). National Science Board STEM Education Recommendations for the Presiden-Elect Obama Administration. NSB-0901. Available from www.nsf.gov/nsb/publications/2009/01_10_stem_rec_obama.pdf.
Noell, G. H., Witt, J. C., Slider, N. J., Connell, J. E., Gatti, S. L., Williams, K. L., et al. (2005). Treatment implementation following behavioral consultation in schools: A comparison of three follow-up strategies. School Psychology Review, 34, 87–106.
Nugent, G., Barker, B., & Grandgenett, N. (2012). The impact of educational robotics on student STEM learning, attitudes, and workplace skills. In B. Barker, G. Nugent, N. Grandgenett, & V. Adamchuk (Eds.), Robots in K-12 education: A new technology for learning (pp. 186–203). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Nugent, G., Barker, B., Grandgenett, N., & Adamchuk, V. I. (2010). Impact of robotics and geospatial technology interventions on youth STEM learning and attitudes. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(4), 391–408.
Papert, S., & Harl, I. (1991). Constructionism. New York, NY: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2009). Framework for 21st century learning. Washington, D.C. Retrieved July 30, 2012 from http://www.p21.org/overview/skills-framework.
Pence, K., Justice, L., & Wiggins, A. (2008). Preschool teachers’ fidelity in implementing a comprehensive language-rich curriculum. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 39, 329–341.
Rennie, L. J., & Johnston, D. J. (2004). The nature of learning and its implications for research on learning from museums. Science Education, 88, S4–S16. doi:10.1002/sce.20017.
Rideout, V., Roberts, D. F., & Foehr, U. G. (2005). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8–18 Year olds. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation. Available from http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia030905pkg.cfm.
Sanchez, V., Steckler, A., Nitirat, P., Hallfors, D., Cho, H., & Brodish, P. (2007). Fidelity of implementation in a treatment effectiveness trial of Reconnecting Youth. Health Education Research, 22(1), 95–107.
Sheridan, S. M., Swanger-Gagne, M., Welch, G. W., Kwon, K., & Garbacz, S. A. (2009). Fidelity measurement in consultation: Psychometric issues and preliminary examination. School Psychology Review, 38(4), 476–495.
SurveyMonkey. (2012). Palto Alto, CA. Retrieved July 30, 2012. Available from http://www.surveymonkey.com/.
van Langen, A., & Dekkers, H. (2005). Cross-national differences in participating in tertiary science, technology engineering and mathematics education. Comparative Education, 41(3), 329–350.
Vermunt, J. (1998). The regulation of constructive learning processes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 149–171.
Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (1998). Understanding by design, expanded (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Woffinden, S., & Packham, J. (2001). Experiential learning, just do it! The Agriculture Education Magazine, 73(6), 8–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. (DRL 0833403).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barker, B.S., Nugent, G. & Grandgenett, N.F. Examining fidelity of program implementation in a STEM-oriented out-of-school setting. Int J Technol Des Educ 24, 39–52 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-013-9245-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-013-9245-9