Abstract
Within this paper, a conceptualised triadic schema is hypothesised for locating emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience. The research is based upon an extensive literature review that has been synthesised and juxtaposed with the broad aspirational aims of the subject. The schema, based upon abductive reasoning and grounded theory, ultimately conceptualises the overarching theme of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience within the Primary and Secondary stages of England’s education system. The triadic schema offers an additional opportunity in meta-theorising how the broad aspirational aims of the subject, as outlined in the English national curriculum statement of importance for Design and Technology, can be achieved through recognising the powerful overarching concept of emotion within three emerging domains: Person, Process and Product. The central tenet of this paper is the recognition of emotion within a triadic schema for meta-theorising the place of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahn, H. J. (2005). Child care teachers’ strategies in children’s socialisation of emotion. Early Child Development and Care, 175, 1–49.
Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organisations. Research in Organisational Behaviour, 10, 123–167.
Averill, J. R., & Thomas-Knowles, C. (1991). Emotional creativity. In K. T. Strongman (Ed.), International review of studies on emotion vol 1 (pp. 269–299). London: Wiley.
Averill, J. R. (1999). Individual differences in emotional creativity: structure and correlates. Journal of Personality, 67(2), 331–371.
Averill, J. R., & Nunley, E. P. (1992). Voyages of the heart: Living an emotionally creative life. New York: Free Press.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Barlex, D. (2003). Creativity in crisis, design and technology at KS3 and KS4. DATA Research paper 18. Wellesbourne, UK: DATA.
Boekaerts, M. (2001). Bringing about change in the classroom: strengths and weaknesses of the self-regulated learning approach—EARLI Presidential Address, 2001. Learning and Instruction, 12, 589–604.
Boler, M. (1999). Feeling power: Emotions and education. New York: Routledge.
Coffey, A., & Atkinson, P. (1996). Making sense of qualitative data: Complimentary research strategies. London: Sage.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. New York: Basic Books.
Demirbilek, O., & Sener, B. (2003). Product design, semantics and emotional response. Ergonomics, 46(13/14), 1346–1360.
Dey, I. (1993). Qualitative data analysis: A user friendly guide for social sciences. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
DfES (2003). Developing children’s social, emotional and behavioural skills: A whole curriculum approach. London: DfES.
DfES (2004). Every child matters: Change for children. London: DfES.
Elias, M. J., Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Frey, K. S., Greenberg, M. T., Haynes, N. M., Kessler, R., Schwab-Stone, M. E., & Shriver, T. P. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226.
Getz, I., & Lubart, T. (1998). The influence of heuristics on psychological science: a case study of research on creativity. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 28(4), 435–457.
Goleman, D. (2004). Emotional intelligence and working with emotional intelligence. London: Bloomsbury.
Hargreaves, A. (1998). The emotional practice of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 14(9), 835–854.
Hartley, D. (2003). The instrumentation of the expressive in education. British Journal of Educational Studies, 51(1) (DOI:10.1207/s15326934crj1602&3_12).
Henderson, J. (2004). Product inventors and creativity: the finer dimensions of enjoyment. Creativity Research Journal, 16(2–3), 293–312.
Hennessey, B. A. (1996). Teaching for creative development: A social-psychological approach. In N. Colangelo, & G. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of gifted education. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Hennessey, B. A. (1999). Intrinsic motivation, affect and creativity. In S. Russ (Eds.), Affect, creative experience and psychological adjustment. Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis.
Hill, A. M., & Smith, H. A. (2005). Research in purpose and value for the study of technology in secondary schools: A theory of authentic learning. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 15, 19–32.
Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 428–444). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hunter, J. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). The positive psychology of interested adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(1), 27–35.
Jeffrey, R., & Woods, P. (1997). The relevance of creative teaching: Pupils views. In A. Pollard, D. Thiessen, & A. Filer (Eds.), Children and their curriculum. London: Falmer Press.
Kelle, U. (Ed.). (1995). Theories as heuristic tools in qualitative research. In I. Maso, P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, & J. C. Verhoeven (Eds.), Openness I research: The tension between self and other (pp. 33–50). Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum.
Kim, J., & Yun Moon, J. (1989). Designing towards emotional usability in customer interfaces-trustworthiness of cyber-banking system interfaces. Interacting with Computers IO, I–29.
Kimbell, R. (2005). A box of delights. Design and Technology Education: An International Journal, 10(1),.
Kress, G. (2000). A curriculum for the future. Cambridge Journal of Education, 30(1), 133–145.
Lave, J. (1988). Cognition in practice: Mind, mathematics and culture in everyday life. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Leder, H., Benno, B., Oeberst, A., & Augustin, D. (2004). A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments. British Journal of Psychology, 95, 489–508.
Mayer, J. D., & Cobb, C. D. (2000). Educational policy on emotional intelligence: Does it make sense? Educational Psychology Review, 12(2), 163–183.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2000). Competing models of emotional intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), Handbook of human intelligence (2nd ed., pp. 396–420). New York: Cambridge University Press.
McCormick, R. (2004). Issues of learning and knowledge in technology education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 14, 21–44.
Mestrovic, S. G. (1997). Post-emotional society. London: Sage.
Morgan, C., & Averill, J. R. (1992). True feelings, the self, and authenticity: A psychosocial perspective. In D. D. Franks, & V. Gecas (Eds.), Social perspectives on emotion vol. 1. (pp. 95–124). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Norman, D. (2004). Emotional design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things. New York: Basic books.
Orbach, S. (1998). Emotional literacy. Young Minds Magazine, March/April(33), 12–13.
Pekrun, R., & Perry, R. P. (2002). Positive emotions in education. In E. Frydenberg (Eds.), Beyond coping: Meeting goals visions and challenges. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pierce, C. S. (1979). Collected papers, Cambridge, MA. In A. Coffey, & P. Atkinson (Eds.), (1996) Making sense of qualitative data: Complimentary research strategies (p. 156). London: Sage.
Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA). (1999). The national curriculum for England: Design and technology. London: DfEE/QCA.
Reay, D. (1998). Bourdieu and cultural reproduction: mothers involvement in their children’s primary schooling. In M. Grenfell, & D. James (Eds.), Bourdieu and education: Acts of practical theory. London: Taylor and Francis.
Reay, D. (2004). Gendering Bourdieu’s concepts of capitals? Emotional capital, women and social class. The Sociological Review, 52, 57–74.
Reio, T. G. (2005). Emotions as a lens to explore teacher identity and change: A commentary. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21, 985–993.
Runco, M. A. (1994). Creativity and its discontents. In M. P. Shaw, & M. A. Runco (Eds.), Creativity and affect (pp. 102–123). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Runco, M. A. (1999). Tension, adaptability, and creativity. In S. Russ (Eds.), Affect, creative experience, and psychological adjustment (pp. 165–194). Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
Russ, S. W. (1993). Affect and creativity: The role of affect and play in the creative process. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
Russ, S. W. (1999). Affect, creative experience, and psychological adjustment. Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185–211.
Seymour, R., & Powell, R. (2003). Emotional ergonomics. Design Week, 11 December 2003.
Sharp, P., & Herrick, E. (2000). Promoting emotional literacy. In N. Barwick (Eds.), Clinical Counselling In Schools.
Sharp, P. (2001). Nurturing emotional literacy. London: David Fulton.
Shaw, M. P. (1994). Affective components of scientific creativity. In M. P. Shaw, & M. A. Runco (Eds.), Creativity and affect (pp. 3–43). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Spendlove, D. (2005). Creativity in education: A review. Design and Technology Education: An International Journal, 10(2), 9–18.
Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University press.
Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools. London: Falmer.
Thackara, J. (2005). In the bubble: Designing in a complex world. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2002). Creative self-efficacy: Its potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 1137–1148.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1925). The psychology of art. Cambridge: MIT press, 1971
Weare, K., & Gray, G. (2003). What works in developing children’s emotional and social competence and wellbeing? (Department for Education and Skills research report no. 456). London: DfES.
Williams, S. (2001). Emotion and social theory. London: Sage.
Zembylas, M., & Boler, M. (2002). On the Spirit of Patriotism: challenges of a pedagogy of discomfort. Teachers College Record Online, special issue on Education and September 11. Available at: www.tcrecord.org.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
David Spendlove was previously a senior teacher in secondary education before moving into Higher Education and is now the subject leader for Design and Technology at the University of Manchester. He co-edits both Design and Technology Education: An international Journal and the DATA international research conference proceedings. He is a director of the Design and Technology Association and his research interests are broadly based around learning, pedagogy, creativity, emotion and gender.
Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Mapping emotional components of the Design and Technology (QCA, 1999) statement of importance.
E1 = Person (Creativity/uncertainty/risks) E2 = Process (Learning/motivation/contexts) E3 = Product (Product/user/interface).
The statement for Design and Technology reads: a
Design and technology prepares pupils to participate in tomorrow’s rapidly changing technologies | E1, E2, E3 |
They learn to think and intervene creatively to improve quality of life | E1, E2, E3 |
The subject calls for pupils to become autonomous and creative problem solvers, as individuals and members of a team | E1, E2 |
They must look for needs, wants and opportunities and respond to them by developing a range of ideas and making products and systems | E2, E3 |
They combine practical skills with an understanding of aesthetics, social and environmental issues, function and industrial practices. As they do so, they reflect on and evaluate present and past design and technology, its uses and effects | E2, E3 |
Through design and technology, all pupils can become discriminating and informed users of products, and become innovators | E1, E3 |
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Spendlove, D. The locating of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated design and technology experience: person, process, product. Int J Technol Des Educ 18, 45–57 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-006-9012-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-006-9012-2