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Aqueous humor and serum levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma

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Abstract

Purpose

To compare the aqueous humor (AH) and serum levels of 4-hydroxynenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) with each other and with age- and sex-matched control group.

Methods

This prospective study included 66 patients divided into three groups: PES (n = 24), PEG (n = 21), and a control group (n = 21). 4-HNE and 8-OhdG levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Aqueous and serum 4-HNE levels were significantly higher in the PEG (466.52 ± 62.12 pg/mL and 313.47 ± 47.41 pg/mL) and PES (290.69 ± 63.63 pg/mL and 201.53 ± 39.57 pg/mL) groups than the control group (144.02 ± 39.58 pg/mL and 99.10 ± 16.96 pg/mL; p < 0.001, for all). Both aqueous and serum levels of 4-HNE in the PEG group were significantly higher than in the PES group (p < 0.001, for both). Similar to 4-HNE, the AH 8-OhdG levels were higher in the PEG group (21.18 ± 2.23 ng/mL) compared to the PES (14.90 ± 3.37 ng/mL) and control (4.86 ± 1.94 ng/mL) groups (p < 0.001, for all). Serum 8-OhdG levels were significantly higher in the PEG and PES groups than the control (p < 0.001, for both); however, there was no significant difference between the PES and PEG groups (p = 0.097). There were strong significant correlations between the aqueous and serum levels of 4-HNE (p < 0.001, r = 0.857) and 8-OhdG (p < 0.001, r = 0.807) among all the patients.

Conclusions

Aqueous humor and serum levels of 4-HNE and 8-OhdG increased in the PES and PEG patients. These findings are potentially significant and add to the growing body of evidence concerning oxidative stress in PES and PEG.

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Funding

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuzmayıs University Hospital, 55200, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey

    Nurullah Koçak, Ertuğrul Can, Volkan Yeter, Mustafa Turunç & Leyla Niyaz

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Merzifon State Hospital, 05000, Amasya, Merzifon, Turkey

    Mustafa Subaşı

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuzmayıs University Hospital, 55200, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey

    Bahattin Avcı

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  1. Nurullah Koçak
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by NK, MT, BA, and MS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NK, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nurullah Koçak.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the Ondokuzmayıs University Ethics Committee (Ethical approval number: 2021000018).

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Koçak, N., Can, E., Yeter, V. et al. Aqueous humor and serum levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol 43, 1395–1404 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02539-4

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