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Ciliary muscle morphology and accommodative lag in hyperopic anisometropic children

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness of the ciliary muscle and their correlation with accommodative lag in hyperopic anisometropic children.

Methods

Forty children aged between 6 and 10 years with hyperopic anisometropia were recruited. The more hyperopic eye (mean refractive power of 3.51 ± 1.70 D) was compared with the less hyperopic eye (mean refractive power of 0.78 ± 1.41 D). The thickness and CSA of the ciliary muscle were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) images at four meridians. The differences between the eyes and the correlations between CSA, thickness, axial length and accommodative lag were accessed.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in CSA between the two groups at any meridian, except at the inferior meridian (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in ciliary muscle thickness between eyes at any meridian, except on the temporal and the nasal meridians (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the ratio of CSA to axial length at all meridians between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Accommodative lag was 1.65 ± 0.55 D and 0.93 ± 0.45 D in the more and less hyperopic eyes, respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the CSA with the axial length and the accommodative lag.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a greater degree of accommodative lag in the more hyperopic eye of anisometropic children. There was no correlation among accommodative lag, axial length and CSA of the ciliary muscle with the degree of hyperopia.

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Abbreviations

UBM:

Ultrasound biomicroscopy

CSA:

Cross-sectional area

CMT:

Ciliary muscle thickness

AAR:

Area–axial ratio

AXL:

The axial lengths

FCC:

Cross-cylinder

BCVA:

Best-corrected visual acuity

SSL:

Scleral spur landmark

T:

Temporal side

N:

Nasal side

S:

Superior 12 o’clock

I:

Inferior 6 o’clock,

CMT:

Ciliary muscle thickness

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Funding

Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars (Grant No. 81600762 & No. 81603663), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81570879), Project of Shanghai Science and Technology (Grant No. 17140902900) (Grant No. 17411950200), Personnel training plan of Shanghai Health and Planning Commission (ZY3-RCPY-3-1029).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jinglin Shi and Jing Zhao contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China

    Jing Zhao, Feng Zhao & Xingtao Zhou

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Jinglin Shi & Feng Zhao

  3. School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia

    Rajeev Naidu

Authors
  1. Jinglin Shi
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  2. Jing Zhao
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  3. Feng Zhao
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  4. Rajeev Naidu
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  5. Xingtao Zhou
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Contributions

JS, JZ, and XZ were involved in study concept and design, JS, JZ, FZ, and XZ contributed to data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, JS, JZ, RN, and XZ were involved in drafting of the manuscript, JS, JZ, FZ, RN, and XZ performed critical revision of the manuscript, and XZ contributed to supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xingtao Zhou.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of Ethical Committee of the Fudan University EENT Hospital Review Board and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Shi, J., Zhao, J., Zhao, F. et al. Ciliary muscle morphology and accommodative lag in hyperopic anisometropic children. Int Ophthalmol 40, 917–924 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01264-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01264-9

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