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Emergent Universe with Particle Production

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Abstract

The possibility of an emergent universe solution to Einstein’s field equations allowing for an irreversible creation of matter at the expense of the gravitational field is shown. With the universe being chosen as spatially flat FRW spacetime together with equation of state proposed in Mukherjee et al. (Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 6927, 2006), the solution exists when the ratio of the phenomenological matter creation rate to the number density times the Hubble parameter is a number β of the order of unity and independent of time. The thermodynamic behaviour is also determined for this solution. Interestingly, we also find that an emergent universe scenario is present with usual equation of state in cosmology when the matter creation rate is chosen to be a constant. More general class of emergent universe solutions are also discussed.

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Notes

  1. Matter creation models with β<1 has also been considered in [16].

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Acknowledgments

S.G. acknowledges the support by DST SERB under Start Up Research Grant (Young Scientist), File No.YSS/2014/000180. The authors also thank the referee for useful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, West Bengal State University, Barasat, India

    Sunandan Gangopadhyay & Anirban Saha

  2. Visiting Associate in Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pune, India

    Sunandan Gangopadhyay & Anirban Saha

  3. Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics Reference Centre Kolkata, Kolkata, India

    S. Mukherjee

Authors
  1. Sunandan Gangopadhyay
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  2. Anirban Saha
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  3. S. Mukherjee
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sunandan Gangopadhyay.

Appendix:

Appendix:

We present two entries in the table below to identify the components from (17), (18) for ρ and p. The first term in these equations behaves like a cosmological constant and may account for dark energy. The physical content of the other two terms are listed in the Table 1.

Table 1 Composition of universal matter for various values of A
Full size table

We observe that the matter creation rate measured by the parameter β modifies the exponent of the scale factor a.

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Gangopadhyay, S., Saha, A. & Mukherjee, S. Emergent Universe with Particle Production. Int J Theor Phys 55, 4445–4452 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-016-3067-y

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